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  JOURNAL "NP" ISSUES

"Nauchnoe Priborostroenie", 2026, Vol. 36, no. 3. ISSN 2312-2951

"NP" 2026 year Vol. 36,   ABSTRACTS

ABSTRACTS, REFERENCES

M. O. Mikhailov

DEVELOPMENT OF HARDWARE-SOFTWARE COMPLEX
FOR MULTISENSOR GLUCOSE LEVEL CONTROL
IN BIOLOGICAL MEDIUM

"Nauchnoe priborostroenie", 2026, vol. 36, no. 3, pp. 3–11

EDN: JAOFAE
 
The paper proposes a concept for building a hardware-software system for glucose level control in a biological medium based on a multisensor approach. The proposed approach for glucose level control combines infrared spectroscopy, impedance spectroscopy, and thermometry, allowing mutual compensation of the influence of external factors on system parameters. Hardware for stabilizing the laser radiation source is proposed, including the use of a high-frequency pulsed operating mode of the source, a precision current driver, and active temperature stabilization. The software provides synchronization and pre-filtering of optical, impedance, and temperature signals, data decimation, feature vector formation including average radiation intensities, their ratio, root-mean-square deviations, and temperature values of system components, as well as the construction of a unified system parameter database. To calculate glucose concentration from heterogeneous data, a regression model is built, whose most accurate solution is obtained using the XGBoost ensemble machine learning method. Tests of the proposed approach have shown that the total relative measurement error in the range of 40–400 mg/dL is about 17.2%, and the clinical accuracy according to the Parkes error grid reaches 98.4%.
 

Keywords: infrared spectroscopy, impedance spectroscopy, temperature, machine learning, multisensor, non-invasive, glucose

Author affiliation:

National Research University of Electronic Technology, Moscow, Russia

 
Contacts: Mikhailov Mikhail Olegovich, mikhail.mikhailov1997@gmail.com
The article was received by the editorial office on 22.05.2026

Full text (In Russ./In Eng.) >>

REFERENCES

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  3. Laha S., Rajput A., Laha S.S., Jadhav R. A concise and systematic review on non-invasive glucose monitoring for potential diabetes management. Biosensors, 2022, vol. 12, no. 11, pp.1−20. DOI: 10.3390/bios12110965
  4. Caduff A., Talary M.S., Mueller M., Dewarrat F., Klisic J., Donath M., Heinemann L., Stahel W.A. Non-invasive glucose monitoring in patients with Type 1 diabetes: A Multisensor system combining sensors for dielectric and optical characterisation of skin. Biosensors and Bioelectronics, 2009, vol. 24, no. 9, pp. 2778−2784. DOI: 10.1016/j.bios.2009.02.001
  5. Feng R., Geng Z., Li A., Chu Y., Wu C., Zhang N., Guo X., Zhang J., Wang X., Tang, F. Noninvasive blood glucose monitor via multi-sensor fusion and its clinical evaluation. Sensors and Actuators B: Chemical, 2021, vol. 332, id. 129445. DOI: 10.1016/j.snb.2021.129445
  6. Harman-Boehm I., Gal A., Raykhman A.M., Naidis E., Mayzel Y. Noninvasive Glucose Monitoring: Increasing Accuracy by Combination of Multi-Technology and Multi-Sensors. Journal of Diabetes Science and Technology, 2010, vol. 4, no. 3, pp. 583-595. DOI: 10.1177/193229681000400312
  7. Nandi S., Zhan Y., Xia A., Singh T., Mastrandrea L. A Noninvasive Glucose Estimation based on Near Infrared Spectroscopy and Pulse-Echo Ultrasound. Proc. of the 13th Russian-German Conference on Biomedical Engineering (Aachen, Germany, 23-25 May 2018), Aachen: RWTH Aachen University, 2018, pp. 90-93. DOI: 10.18154/RWTH-2018-224393
  8. Pozhar K.V. Transmission Spectroscopy in Noninvasive Blood Glucose Measurement. Biomedical Engineering, 2018, vol.52, no.4, pp.247-250. DOI: 10.1007/s10527-018-9823-y
  9. Presti A.L., Montoya N.A., Criscuolo V., Khan G., Khan U., Vecchione R., Falconi C. Fundamentals of skin bioimpedances. Advanced Materials, 2023, vol. 35, no. 33, id. 2302127. DOI: 10.1002/adma.202302127
  10. Iorizzo T.W., Jermain, P.R., Salomatina, E., Muzikansky A., Yaroslavsky A.N. Temperature induced changes in the optical properties of skin in vivo. Nature: Scientific Reports, 2021, vol. 11, id. 754. DOI: 10.1038/s41598-020-80254-9
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    A Review. Computers in Biology and Medicine, 2022, vol. 147, id. 105674. DOI: 10.1016/j.compbiomed.2022.105674
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  18. Pozhar K.V. [Problems and methods of automation of blood glucose concentration control systems]. Ustroystva i sistemy. Upravleniye, kontrol', diagnostika [Devices and systems. Management, Control, Diagnostics], 2025, no. 12, pp. 11−18. (In Russ.). URL: http://pribor.tgizd.ru/ru/arhiv/23999
 

D. A. Goryachkin, S. A. Nikitin, D. K. Serov, A. Yu. Tamm

DEVELOPMENT OF A COMPUTER MODEL OF MOVING
MICROROBOT IN VISCOUS &NBSP;LIQUID UNDER ACTION
OF MAGNETIC FIELD AND RESULTS OF ITS MODEL APPLICATION

"Nauchnoe Priborostroenie", 2026, vol. 36, no. 3, pp. 12–18

EDN: GQGPEY
 
Modern medical robotics places significant emphasis on developing approaches to creating magnetically controlled miniature robotic devices designed for diagnostics, therapeutic interventions, and minimally invasive surgical procedures inside the patient’s body. This paper develops and describes a computer model for the motion of a simplest microrobot, shaped like a thin flat disk, and demonstrates the results of its test applications in several experimental configurations.
 

Keywords: microrobot, invasive miniature robotic device, magnetic field

Author affiliation:

Central Research and Development Institute of Robotics
 and Technical Cybernetics, Saint-Petersburg, Russia

 
Contacts: Goryachkin Dmitri Alekseevich, d.goryachkin@rtc.ru
The article was received by the editorial office on 29.05.2026

Full text (In Russ./In Eng.) >>

REFERENCES

  1. Medical Robots Market Overview: Latest Innovations and Forecast.
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  2. Zheng L., Guo S., Kawanishi M. Magnetically controlled multifunctional capsule robot for dual-drug delivery. IEEE Systems Journal, 2022, vol. 16, no. 4, pp. 6413−6424.
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  3. Gervasoni S., Lussi J., Viviani S., et al. Magnetically assisted robotic fetal surgery for the treatment of spina bifida. IEEE Transactions on Medical Robotics and Bionics, 2022, vol. 4, no. 1, pp. 85−93.
    DOI: 10.3929/ TMRB.2022.3146351.
  4. Nelson B.J., Gervasoni S., Chiu P.W.Y., Zhang L., Zemmar A. Magnetically actuated medical robots: An in vivo perspective. Proc. IEEE, 2022, vol. 110, no. 7, pp. 1028−1037.
    DOI: 10.1109/JPROC.2022.3165713
  5. Zhou H., Mayorga-Martinez C.C., Pané S, Zhang L.L., Pumera M.M. Magnetically driven micro and nanorobots. Chemical Reviews, 2021, vol. 121, no. 8, pp. 4999−5041.
    DOI: 10.1021/acs.chemrev.0c01234
  6. Dupont P.E., Nelson D.J., Goldfarb M., et al. A decade retrospective of medical robotics research from 2010 to 2020. Science robotics, 2021, vol. 6, no. 60, pp. 8017−8033.
    DOI: 10.1126/scirobotics.abi8017
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    URL: https://sciup.org/146215779 (In Russ.)
  8. Mousavi S.A., Mohammad N.A., Pascal P., et al. Finite element analysis of biomechanical interactions of a subcutaneous suspension suture and human face soft-tissue: a cadaver study. BioMedical Engineering OnLine, 2023, vol. 22, no. 1, pp. 1−12. DOI: 10.1186/s12938-023-01144-5
 

F. L. Vladimirov, A. S. Al’dekeeva, A. A. Fedorov

FEATURES OF USING BUTANE AND HYDROGEN TORCHES
FOR REMOVING PROTECTIVE COATING
FROM QUARTZ CAPILLARIES

"Nauchnoe Priborostroenie", 2026, vol. 36, no. 3, pp. 19–28

EDN: PRYMJX
 
This article presents the results of a study on the thermal removal of a protective polyimide coating from quartz capillaries using butane and hydrogen torches. When using a butane torch, whose flame is reducing, carbonization products of the polyimide coating remain on the capillary surface and must be removed mechanically. Using an oxidizing hydrogen flame allows for complete removal of the protective coating without the need for additional mechanical processing of the capillaries. The experimental results demonstrate that using a hydrogen torch for localized removal of the polyimide coating from quartz capillaries is promising for serial production of capillary arrays.
 

Keywords: quartz capillary, polyimide coating, hydrogen torch, gas torch, capillary array

Author affiliations:

Institute for Analytical Instrumentation of RAS, Saint Petersburg, Russia

 
Contacts: Vladimirov Fedor L’vovich, fedor.vlv3008@gmail.com
The article was received by the editorial office on 08.06.2026

Full text (In Russ./In Eng.) >>

REFERENCES

  1. Alekseev Ya.I., Belov Yu.V., Malyuchenko O.P., Monakhova Yu.A., Natyrov A.N., Orekhov V.A., Konovalov S.V., Kurochkin V.E., Petrov A.I. [Genetic analyser for DNA fragment analysis]. Nauchnoe Priborostroenie [Scientific Instrumentation], 2012, vol. 22, no. 4, pp. 86–92.
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    URL: http://iairas.ru/mag/2025/full2/Art1.pdf (In Russ.).
  4. Polyimide Removal from Silica Fibers or Tubes. URL: https://www.molex.com/content/dam/molex/molex-dot-com/en_us/pdf/product-reference-guides/polymicro/user-guidelines/polyimide_removal_from_silica_fibers_or_tubes.pdf?inline
  5. Kurochkin V.E., Vladimirov F.L., Al’dekeeva A.S., Korneva N.A., Volkov M.V., Shlyakhtin M.S., Zhurba D.V. [Laser technology for removing the protective coating from quartz capillaries]. Tezisy dokladov Tret'ei ezhegodnoi vserossiiskoi molodezhnoi konferentsii po metodam i priboram dlya analiza biologicheskikh objektov: "AnalitBioPribor-2024" [Proc. III Ann. All-Russ. Youth Conference on Methods and Instruments for the Analysis of Biological Samples: "AnalytBioInstrument-2024"], Saint-Petersburg, 2024, pp. 111–115. (In Russ.). DOI: 10.52565/9785911553333
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  8. Kurochkin V.E., Vladimirov F.L., Al’dekeeva A.S., Korneva N.A. [Concerning analytical sensitivity of a genetic analyzer]. Nauchnoe Priborostroenie [Scientific Instrumentation], 2025, vol. 35, no. 4, pp. 47–60. URL: http://iairas.ru/mag/2025/full4/Art4.pdf (In Russ.).
 

S. V. Mjakin, N. A. Bubis, L. M. Kuztetsov, A. Y. Shmykov

OPTIMIZATION OF THE COMPOSITION OF POLYMER-INORGANIC
COMPOSITES FOR ELECTROMIGRATION ANALYSIS METHODS
ON THE BASIS OF FRACTAL ANALYSIS OF THEIR STRUCTURE

"Nauchnoe Priborostroenie", 2026, vol. 36, no. 3, pp. 29–34

EDN: HGFCNM
 
Microstructural features of composites based on oligomeric diisocyanate with various contents of submicron particles of barium titanium oxide (BaTiO3) ferroelectric filler were studied by calculating fractal characteristics based on electron micrograph analysis. A critical filler concentration of approximately 30 vol.% was established, above it, a sharp decrease in fractal dimension and an increase in the lacunarity of the composite structure occur as a result of filler particle agglomeration. This corresponds to a drastic decrease in permittivity and an increase in dielectric loss of the composites. A further increase in BaTiO3 content leads to an increase in fractal dimension due to ordering of the mutual arrangement of the resulting associates.
 

Keywords: composites, microstructure, diisocyanate, barium titanate, dielectric permittivity, fractal dimension, lacunarity, electrochromatography

Author affiliations:

Institute for Analytical Instrumentation of RAS, Saint Petersburg, Russia

 
Contacts: Mjakin Sergey Vladimirovich, sergey_mjakin@mail.ru
The article was received by the editorial office on 24.06.2026

Full text (In Russ./In Eng.) >>

REFERENCES

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  5. Mjakin S.V., Garipova V.A., Sychev M.M. [Effect of ferroelectric filler modification with fullerenol microadditive upon dielectric properties of polymer-inorganic composites], Izvestiya SPbGTI(TU) [Izvestia SPbGTI (TU)], 2019, vol. 50, no. 76, pp. 68–71. (In Russ.).
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  6. Chekuryaev A.G., Sychev M.M., Mjakin S.V. [Analysis of the structure of composite systems using fractal characteristics using the example of the BaTiO3-fullerenol-CEPS system]. Fizika tverdogo tela [Solid state physics], 2021, vol. 63, iss. 6, pp. 740–746. (In Russ.).
    DOI: 10.21883/FTT.2021.06.50932.002
  7. Sychov M., Guan X., Mjakin S., Boridko L., Khristyuk N., Gravit M., Diachenko S. Effect of BaTiO3 Filler Modification with Multiwalled Carbon Nanotubes on Electric Properties of Polymer Nanocomposites. Nanomaterials, 2024, vol. 14, id. 1232. DOI: 10.3390/nano14141232
  8. Bubis N.A., Bulyaniza A.L., Esikova N.A., Krasovskiy A.N., Kuznezov L.M., Kurochkin V.E., Shmykov A.Yu. [Electromigration properties of hollow capillary columns with modified inner surface]. Zhurnal prikladnoy chimii [Journal of Applied Chemistry], 2016, vol. 89, iss. 12, pp. 1564–1571. (In Russ.). URL: https://elibrary.ru/item.asp?id=42781215
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E. G. Apushkinskiy, E. V. Goldberg, V. A. Kozhevnikov

EDUCATIONAL AND TECHNICAL STAND FOR DETERMINING THE MAGNETIC
CHARACTERISTICS OF A FERROMAGNET

"Nauchnoe Priborostroenie", 2026, vol. 36, no. 3, pp. 35–41

EDN: HGFVZW
 
A technical solution has been proposed, and a laboratory-measurement rig has been created for determining the key parameters of ferromagnetic materials (saturation induction Bs, residual induction Br, and coercivity Hc). This rig is used as a laboratory training facility for students studying physics, as a technological complex for testing ferromagnetic materials and products made from them, and as a rig for conducting research on the development of cutting-edge digital magnetic field meters. The test sample should be a ferrite toroidal (ring) or rod core. The rig can be operated remotely.
 

Keywords: ferromagnetic materials, educational laboratory equipment, remote control

Author affiliations:

Peter the Great St. Petersburg Polytechnic University, St. Petersburg, Russia

 
Contacts: Goldberg Ekaterina Vladimirovna, goldberg_ev@spbstu.ru
The article was received by the editorial office on 09.04.2026

Full text (In Russ./In Eng.) >>

REFERENCES

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A. E. Sukhanov, V. V. Galutskiy, E. V. Stroganova, N. D. Dokuchaev

INFLUENCE OF LASER PULSE SHAPE ON THE RADIATION
CHARACTERISTICS IN GRADIENT LITHIUM NIOBATE CRYSTALS

"Nauchnoe Priborostroenie", 2026, vol. 36, no. 3, pp. 42–51

EDN: QRNGYA
 
The article considers the possibility of studying the influence of internal processes in a gradient lithium niobate crystal based on numerical simulation of laser radiation propagation within its structure. The relevance of the work is due to the need to improve the efficiency of nonlinear optical converters for second harmonic generation. The study demonstrates that creating various concentration profiles along the crystal can significantly increase the second harmonic generation efficiency compared to constant-composition crystals. The influence of concentration gradient on the final second harmonic conversion efficiency is investigated in detail. Qualitative and quantitative differences in the second harmonic radiation characteristics for gradient lithium niobate compared to traditional homogeneous composition crystals are revealed. Particular attention is paid to comparing a Gaussian pulse and a hyperbolic secant pulse. It is established that the input pulse shape significantly affects the evolution of pulse width as a function of initial power. It is shown that varying the concentration profile and initial power makes it possible to effectively control the dispersion and diffraction broadening of the laser beam. The parabolically decreasing profile demonstrated the greatest stability over a wide power range, while the parabolically increasing profile showed unstable behavior under certain conditions. The results of the work can be applied in the design of laser systems with high second harmonic generation efficiency.
 

Keywords: second harmonic generation, gradient crystal, lithium niobate, numerical simulation

Author affiliations:

Kuban State University, Krasnodar, Russia

 
Contacts: Sukhanov Alexander Evgenievich, sa.world1111@yandex.ru
The article was received by the editorial office on 01.05.2026

Full text (In Russ./In Eng.) >>

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X. Lan, L. G. Statsenko

THE STUDY OF THE SOUND ABSORPTION PROPERTIES
OF DOUBLE-HELIX SUBWAVELENGTH
ACOUSTIC METAMATERIALS

"Nauchnoe Priborostroenie", 2026, vol. 36, no. 3, pp. 52–61

EDN: EJGVOQ
 
This paper designs a subwavelength sound absorption structure based on a double-helix back cavity with folded space. The goal is to increase additional sound absorption peaks while reducing the structure's volume and enhancing low-frequency sound absorption. Through numerical simulations of parameters such as hole aperture, spiral tube length, and height, it is shown that with a maximum thickness of 45 mm, the operating frequency is 134 Hz, which corresponds to 1/57 of the sound wave wavelength. The structure achieves adjustable and efficient absorption in the low-frequency range of 134 Hz to 180 Hz, with a sound absorption coefficient close to 1. Optimizing these parameters can effectively improve sound absorption performance. The metamaterial has advantages such as high low-frequency sound absorption coefficient, small volume, light weight, compact structure, and ease of manufacturing, making it highly suitable for applications in noise control and other engineering fields, with significant potential in space-constrained environments.
 

Keywords: acoustic metamaterials, double-helix cavity, sound absorption, curled space, low-frequency, subwavelength structure

Author affiliations:

Far Eastern Federal University, Vladivostok, Russia

 
Contacts: Statsenko Lyubov' Grigor'evna, statsenko.lg@dvfu.ru
The article was received by the editorial office on 26.06.2026

Full text (In Russ./In Eng.) >>

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T. G. Demyanov, V. I. Korochentsev

IMPROVING HYDROACOUSTIC COMMUNICATION IN ICE
CONDITIONS BY CONVERTING REACTIVE ENERGY
INTO ACTIVE ENERGY AT FLEXIBLE BOUNDARIES

"Nauchnoe Priborostroenie", 2026, vol. 36, no. 3, pp. 62–66

EDN: TVUUVM
 
Effective underwater communication in the Arctic is critically important under ice-covered conditions. This article considers a new approach to improving the efficiency of hydroacoustic signal transmission in the presence of an ice cover. The proposed method involves using flexural vibrations of ice to convert reactive energy generated by low-frequency acoustic radiators into active energy capable of propagating into the far field. A theoretical model of the acoustic interaction between a spherical radiator and an ice cover is developed. Calculations of the resonant conditions for the excitation of flexural waves are carried out, confirming a three to fourfold increase in transmitted power. The novelty of the method is emphasized, as it is based on phase matching between flexural and longitudinal waves. The method is applicable to under-ice communication, navigation, and monitoring systems in Arctic regions.
 

Keywords: hydroacoustics, ice conditions, flexural waves, reactive energy, spherical radiator, under-ice communication

Author affiliations:

Far Eastern Federal University, Vladivostok, Russia

 
Contacts: Demyanov Timofey Gennadievich, tdemyanov@mail.ru
The article was received by the editorial office on 03.07.2026

Full text (In Russ./In Eng.) >>

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A. M. Gainutdinov, R. V. Farkhutdinov

MULTI-RESONANT MICROSTRIP SENSOR BASED
ON COMPLEMENTARY SPLIT-RING RESONATORS
FOR DIELECTRIC SPECTROSCOPY OF LIQUID MEDIA

"Nauchnoe Priborostroenie", 2026, vol. 36, no. 3, pp. 67–72

EDN: RYMKAI
 
The paper presents the experimental results of a three-frequency planar sensor implemented on the basis of a microstrip transmission line with three concentric complementary split-ring resonators (CSRRs) integrated into the ground layer of an FR-4 glass-fiber printed circuit board. The relevance of the work is due to the need for rapid and non-destructive quality control of olive oil, which is often adulterated by adding cheaper oils. The aim of the research is to develop a highly sensitive multi-frequency device for identifying the composition of vegetable oils based on the frequency shift of resonances. The methodology is based on recording changes in the magnitude of the transmission coefficient |S21| when the test liquid is placed into reservoirs located directly above each of the three concentric rings with radii of 6.3, 4.2, and 3.0 mm, tuned to frequencies of 1.5, 2.45, and 3.8 GHz, respectively. Pure olive oil (with a relative dielectric permittivity of ~2.5), as well as its mixtures with 5% sunflower oil (~2.8) and 5% linseed oil (~3.0), were used as model media. It was experimentally established that an increase in the dielectric permittivity of the tested samples causes a predictable synchronous low-frequency shift of all three resonant peaks. The highest sensitivity, amounting to 340 MHz per unit change in dielectric permittivity, is demonstrated by the small-sized high-frequency resonator (3.0 mm), which provides an absolute shift of up to 170 MHz when moving from pure oil to the linseed oil mixture. The results obtained indicate the prospects of using the developed sensor for express diagnostics and detection of impurities with a concentration of less than 5% in automated food quality control systems.
 

Keywords: complementary split-ring resonators, CSRR, microwave sensor, olive oil, dielectric permittivity, frequency shift

Author affiliations:

Kazan National Research Technical University named after A.N. Tupolev (KAI),
Kazan, Russian Federation

 
Contacts: Gainutdinov Azat Maratovich, kingintheshadow@gmail.com
The article was received by the editorial office on 26.06.2026

Full text (In Russ./In Eng.) >>

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E. A. Bobina1, M. P. Danilaev1, V. A. Kuklin1, 2, D. I. Safin1, D. I. Shavaleev1, K. V. Faizullin1

PARTICLE SIZE DISTRIBUTION DETERMINATION
IN THE NANOMETER AND MICRON RANGE
BY THE PHOTOSEDIMENTATION METHOD

"Nauchnoe Priborostroenie", 2026, vol. 36, no. 3, pp. 73–81

EDN: BOOSDN
 
The feasibility of evaluating particle size distribution in suspensions across a wide size range using photosedimentation analysis was considered in this paper. It has been shown that the reliability of the obtained results requires strict fulfillment of several conditions, including laminar particle motion, single scattering of the probing radiation, and the absence of interparticle interactions. Applicability criteria for these constraints were formulated and justified. It has been shown that incorporating the extinction cross-section into the processing of photometric measurement data makes it possible to determine the granulometric composition of the dispersed phase for particles with known real and imaginary parts of the refractive index. The proposed method allows particle size determination in a single experiment covering both nano- and micrometer scales. This unified strategy overcomes the typical limitations of microscopy and standard sedimentation analysis. The method was experimentally validated using spherical aluminum oxide particles sedimenting in distilled water. It has been shown that the photosedimentation measurements, combined with the Mie theory-based calculations of extinction cross-sections, allow for the identification of multiple particle fractions and the estimation of their relative concentration and mass contributions. The results showed that combining photosedimentation measurements with the Mie theory-based extinction calculations enables the identification of multiple particle fractions and the quantification of their relative concentration and mass contributions. It has been shown that the photosedimentation method has potential for granulometric analysis of powders composed of metallic and dielectric materials over a wide dynamic size range.
 

Keywords: photosedimentation, particle size distribution, extinction cross-section, light scattering, granulometric analysis, nanometer and micrometer particles, dispersed systems

Author affiliations:

1Kazan National Research Technical University named after A.N. Tupolev —
KAI, Kazan, Russia
2Kazan Federal University, Kazan, Russia

 
Contacts: Danilaev Maxim Petrovich, danilaev@mail.ru
The article was received by the editorial office on 09.04.2026

Full text (In Russ./In Eng.) >>

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I. N. Moskalev1, Y. A. Gorbunov2, A. V. Semenov3, S. A. Kuznetsov4, D. A. Khapov5

OPERATIONAL METER FOR THE COMPRESSIBILITY
FACTOR OF GASES AND THEIR MIXTURES

"Nauchnoe Priborostroenie", 2026, vol. 36, no. 3, pp. 82–90

EDN: FFRKDA
 
When determining natural gas consumption using throttling devices, as well as when converting the volumes of gas produced or transferred under operating conditions to standard cubic meters, it is necessary to know its compressibility factor (k). Currently, it is determined by calculation. Possible errors of the calculated k value from the real one can reach 2–3% depending on the gas composition, as well as the magnitudes of operating pressures and temperatures. Due to the large volumes of gas consumption and its high cost, this amounts to tens or hundreds of millions of rubles for one of the parties — the seller or the buyer — when purchasing gas. An experimental method for determining the k value is being considered, based on determining the gas density through its dielectric permittivity, which provides higher responsiveness and significantly lower error. Experimental data for determining the value of k, obtained using microwave (MW) and centimeter-wave (CW) resonators for carbon dioxide at pressures of approximately 20–40 atm and temperatures of about 30 °C and 18 °C, are presented. The obtained data is compared with reference k values (taken from the literature). In most cases, the difference between the reference kêoíòp and the experimental kýêcï values does not exceed approximately 0.5%.
 

Keywords: natural gas, conversion to standard m³, compressibility factor, dielectric permittivity, volumetric resonator, millimeter waves

Author affiliations:

1LLC "Globus", Belgorod, Russia
2JSC "MMZ AVANGARD", Moscow, Russia
3Moscow Witte University, Moscow, Russia
4LLC "Research Institute of Organic and Inorganic Chemistry Technologies
and Biotechnology", Saratov, Russia
5Arzamas Instrument-Building Plant, Arzamas, Russia

 
Contacts: Khapov Dmitriy Aleksandrovich, khda@mail.ru
The article was received by the editorial office on 2.06.2026

Full text (In Russ./In Eng.) >>

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M. A. Mechtiev, Ch. G. Asadov

ISSUES OF THE IMPLEMENTATION OF THE EMPIRICAL
LINEAR VICARIOUS CALIBRATION METHOD
FOR THE RADIOMETRIC CHANNEL OF DISEMBODIED AIRCRAFT

"Nauchnoe Priborostroenie", 2026, vol. 36, no. 3, pp. 91–96

EDN: BEWOOW
 
The variants of relative empirical linear calibration are analyzed, the meaning of which is to use another calibrated image of the same type obtained by the same sensor as a reference for calibration of uncalibrated images. Variants of relative calibration using the empirical linear vicarious calibration method are considered. A condition has been determined under which the influence of the homogenization factor on the overall result of such calibration can be minimized.
 

Keywords: calibration, homogenization, optimization, reflection coefficient, gray level

Author affiliations:

National Aerospace Agency, Baku, Republic of Azerbaijan

 
Contacts: Asadov Chikmet Gamid ogly, asadzade@rambler.ru
The article was received by the editorial office on 18.05.2026

Full text (In Russ./In Eng.) >>

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A. T. Baybekov, D. V. Zolotov, D. A. Varel'dzhyan, E. Yu. Pisarevskaya

DEVELOPMENT OF THE "STEMIO" EDUCATIONAL
AND PRACTICAL KIT FOR FORMING SKILLS IN ELECTRICAL
ENGINEERING, PROGRAMMING, AND "THE INTERNET OF THINGS"

"Nauchnoe Priborostroenie", 2026, vol. 36, no. 3, pp. 97–102

EDN: YPKULY
 
The development of the STEMiO educational and practical kit is presented - a modular hardware-software platform integrating blocks for electrical engineering, microcontroller programming, and the Internet of Things into a single instrumentation solution. The structural diagram and circuit designs of the nodes are described: a power supply unit with galvanic isolation and self-resetting fuses, a measurement unit based on a digital multimeter with an SPI interface, an STM32F103C8T6 microcontroller module, and an ESP32-WROOM-32D wireless communication module. The key implementation features of the MQTT v3.1.1 protocol and the architecture of the STEMiO Cloud service based on Node.js, InfluxDB, and Grafana are presented. The metrological characteristics of the measurement unit were experimentally determined: voltage measurement error — 0.25%, current measurement error — 0.8%, command transmission delay through the cloud service — no more than 185 ms. The results of stress testing of the system with 20 kits operating simultaneously are presented, confirming the stability of the cloud platform. The development can be used as an instrumentation base for educational and research tasks in the IoT field.
 

Keywords: educational and practical kit, modular platform, STM32 microcontroller, ESP32, Internet of Things, MQTT, cloud service, circuit design, measurement error

Author affiliations:

Kuban State Technological University, Krasnodar, Russia

 
Contacts: Baybekov Alan Timurovich, arslan7753192@gmail.com
The article was received by the editorial office on 14.05.2026

Full text (In Russ./In Eng.) >>

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content: Valery D. Belenkov design: Banu S. Kuspanova layout: Anton V. Manoilov