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  JOURNAL "NP" ISSUES

"Nauchnoe Priborostroenie", 2026, vol. 36, no. 1. ISSN 2312-2951

"NP" 2026, vol 36, no. 1

ABSTRACTS, REFERENCES

E. K. Vasil’eva, I. V. Chubinskiy-Nadezhdin

MODELING OF RAW DATA FROM A SINGLE-MOLECULE SEQUENCER.
PART I: SIMULATING DETECTION OF EMISSION FROM A ZERO–MODE WAVEGUIDE

"Nauchnoe Priborostroenie" , 2026, vol. 36, no. 1, pp. 3–16
EDN: XNGQPU
 

This work proposes a stochastic simulation model for the fluorescence detection process of labeled nucleotides during single-molecule sequencing across four spectral channels. A multi-factor detector signal simulation is implemented. The first part of the article describes an algorithmic template for modeling the response of a camera's photosensitive elements to incident light from a zero-mode waveguide within a single spectral range during DNA single-molecule sequencing. The concept of "base image" is introduced, representing the number of photoelectrons in sensors during an exposure time. The area simulation of such an image is a square field measuring 2 × 2 to 5 × 5 pixels, with total brightness corresponding to a single trace count in the given channel. Three modes of base image formation are considered: 1) dark current only, 2) background radiation in the absence of incorporation of a nucleotide, and 3) a fluorescent spot with a background level. A step-by-step algorithm for modeling the base image is provided. It includes: defining the size and offset of the spot, fluorescence and background amplitudes; generating two-dimensional Gaussian distributions for background and signal of fluorescence; and summing them; accounting for signal-dependent noise using experimental data; modeling signal-independent noise with a normal distribution; setting the zero-level offset; and finally summing all noise components to create the image. The algorithm for modeling background signal considering spectral crosstalk from the nearest signal registration channel is also described. A program simulator for primary digital data from a single-molecule sequencer has been developed, allowing for the simulation of sequencing results in FASTA, trace, and movie formats. The simulator accepts a real DNA sequence from a genomic database as input.
 

Keywords: sequencing simulator, long reads, simulation modeling, SMRT, zero-mode waveguide

Author affiliation:

Institute for Analytical Instrumentation of RAS, Saint Petersburg, Russia

 
Contacts: Vasil’eva Ekaterina Kimovna, virtkat@mail.ru
Article received by the editorial office on 29.11.2025

Full text (In Russ./In Eng.) >>

REFERENCES

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  4. Wei Z.-G., Zhang Sh.-W. NPBSS: a new PacBio sequencing simulator for generating the continuous long reads with an empirical model. BMC Bioinformatics, 2018, vol. 19, id. 177. DOI: 10.1186/s12859-018-2208-0
  5. Ono Y. , Asai K. , Hamada M. PBSIM2: a simulator for long-read sequencers with a novel generative model of quality scores. Bioinformatics, 2021, vol. 37, iss. 5, pp. 589–595. DOI: 10.1093/bioinformatics/btaa835
  6. Zhang W., Jia B., Wei Ch. PaSS: a sequencing simulator for PacBio sequencing. BMC Bioinformatics, 2019, vol. 20, id. 352. DOI: 10.1186/s12859-019-2901-7
  7. Rohrandt C., Kraft N., Gießelmann P., et al. Nanopore SimulatION – a raw data simulator for Nanopore Sequencing. 2018 IEEE International Conference on Bioinformatics and Biomedicine (BIBM) , Madrid, Spain, pp. 1–8. URL: https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/document/8621253
  8. Eid J., Fehr A., Gray J., Luong K., et al. Real-Time DNA Sequencing from Single Polymerase Molecules. Science, 2009, vol. 323, id. 5910. pp. 133–138 DOI: 10.1126/science.1162986
  9. Korlach J., Bjornson K.P., Chaudhuri B.P., et al.  Ch. 20 – Real-Time DNA Sequencing from Single Polymerase Molecules. Methods in Enzymology , Pacific Biosciences, Menlo Park, California, USA, 2010, vol. 472, pp. 431–455.  DOI: 10.1016/S0076-6879(10)72001-2
  10. Levene M.J., Korlach J., Turner S.W., et al. Zero-Mode Waveguides for Single-Molecule Analysis at High Concentrations. Science, New Series, 2003, vol. 299, no. 5607, pp. 682–686. URL: http://www.jstor.org/stable/3833436
  11. Bessmel'tsev V.P., Terent'ev V.S., Vileiko V.V. et al. [Development of the platform for nucleic acid analysis (DNA sequencer)]. Prikladnaya fotonika [Applied photonics], 2016, vol. 3, iss. 4, pp. 388–412. DOI: 10.15593/2411-4367/2016.04.03 (In Russ.).
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    DOI: 10.1073/pnas.1315735111
  13. Melentiev P.N., Bukatin A.S. et al. [Optical methods for detection of single biomolecules: visualization, sensorics, sequencing of DNA molecules]. Uspekhi fizicheskikh nauk [Advances in Physical Sciences], 2024, vol. 194, iss. 11, pp. 1130–1145. (In Russ.). DOI: 10.3367/UFNr.2024.07.039720
  14. Camera Dhyana 400BSI V3, Tucsen Photonics Co., Ltd. https://www.tucsen.com/scmos-dhyana-400bsi-v3-product
 

M. V. Zhukov1, A. A. Bankov1, 2, S. Yu. Lukashenko1, S. V. Pichakhchi1

APPLICATION OF A DVD DISC AS A TEST OBJECT
FOR ASSESSING THE SPATIAL RESOLUTION
OF A SCANNING ION-CONDUCTANCE MICROSCOPE

"Nauchnoe Priborostroenie", 2026, vol. 36, no. 1, pp. 17–22

EDN: DNWGNA
 
The feasibility of utilizing polymer test structures on DVD discs, which consist of regular arrays of convex and concave elements with fixed width and depth, for evaluating the spatial resolution and linear dimensions in scanning ion-conductance microscopy (SICM) is demonstrated. The combination of cross-sectional measurements obtained via atomic force microscopy (AFM) and SICM enabled calibration of the scanner's linear dimensions and assessment of the resolution in SICM by measuring the broadening of height transition boundaries of the disc's regular structures. The study also shows the potential for evaluating the spatial resolution and penetrating capability of nanopipettes with varying aperture sizes and convergence angles.
 

Keywords: scanning ion-conductance microscopy, atomic force microscopy, nanopipette, probe, test structures, polycarbonate

Author affiliation:

1Institute for Analytical Instrumentation of RAS, Saint Petersburg, Russia
2ITMO University, Saint Petersburg, Russia

 
Contacts: Zhukov Mikhail Valeryevich, cloudjyk@yandex.ru
Article received by the editorial office on 25.12.2025

Full text (In Russ./In Eng.) >>

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  9. Rheinlaender J., Schäffer T.E. An accurate model for the ion current–distance behavior in scanning ion conductance microscopy allows for calibration of pipet tip geometry and tip–sample distance. Analytical chemistry, 2017, vol. 89, no. 21, pp. 11875–11880. DOI: 10.1021/acs.analchem.7b03871
  10. Dorwling-Carter L., Aramesh M., Forró C., Tiefena-uer R.F., Shorubalko I., Vörös J., Zambelli T. Simultaneous scanning ion conductance and atomic force microscopy with a nanopore: Effect of the aperture edge on the ion current images. Journal of Applied Physics, 2018, vol. 124, id. 174902. DOI: 10.1063/1.5053879
  11. Pellegrino M., Orsini P., Pellegrini M., Baschieri P., Dinelli F., Petracchi D., Tognoni E., Ascoli C. Integrated SICM-AFM-optical microscope to measure forces due to hydrostatic pressure applied to a pipette. Micro & Nano Letters, 2012, vol. 7, no. 4, pp. 317–320. DOI: 10.1049/mnl.2011.0670
  12. Levichev V.V., Zhukov M.V., Mukhin I.S., Denisyuk A.I., Golubok A.O. [On the operating stability of a scanning force microscope with a nanowhisker at the top of the probe]. Zhurnal tekhnicheskoi fiziki [Technical Phy-sics], 2013, vol. 83, no. 7, pp. 115–120. URL: https://journals.ioffe.ru/articles/10960 (In Russ.).
 

S. V. Biryukov

FUNDAMENTALS OF DESIGNING COMPENSATING
ELECTROINDUCTIVE SPHERICAL ELECTRIC FIELD
STRENGTH SENSORS

"Nauchnoe Priborostroenie", 2026, vol. 36, no. 1, pp. 24–38

EDN: LCLMBY
 
This work aims to develop a theoretical foundation for the construction of dual, single-component, compensation-type inductive electric field strength sensors. The development of such sensors is aimed at improving the accuracy of measurements and monitoring of low-frequency electric field strength levels in areas where high- and ultra-high-voltage equipment operates, ensuring the safety and comfort of their maintenance personnel. Therefore, this work is highly relevant. The compensation-type sensor implements a balancing transformation method. The complexity of implementing this method for an electric field strength sensor is associated with the creation of a comparison unit in which the measured electric field strength E0 and the compensation field strength Ek are compared. The theoretical foundations substantiate the feasibility of constructing a comparison unit. The comparison unit is a structurally formed electric capacitor whose internal dielectric has a permittivity of ε. Using the principle of field superposition, this work examines the physical processes occurring in the dielectric of an electric capacitor. It is shown that the measured field E0 and the compensation field Ek act in the same straight line and are oppositely directed. This allows for the creation of an ideal comparison unit. To ensure that the sensor introduces predictable and mathematically processable distortions into the electric field, it is proposed to implement a spherical sensor body and its sensitive electrodes in the form of spherical segments. It is proposed to implement a compensation-type sensor as a double, single-component device containing two diametrically opposed sensitive elements that are part of two electric capacitors that serve as comparison units. For the first time, an expression has been obtained for calculating the capacitance of an electric capacitor with sensitive elements in the form of spherical segments. A compensation-type measuring circuit for a double, single-component sensor using the proposed comparison units is proposed. Transformation equations for the sensor and the measuring circuit are obtained, relating the measured electric field strength E0 to the output voltage of the measuring circuit Uout. The main and additional errors of the compensation-type electric field strength sensor are identified. The new knowledge obtained in this work can form the basis for the development of compensating electric field strength sensors.
 

Keywords: electric field, field strength, compensating sensor, dual sensor, comparison unit, compensating-type measuring circuit

Author affiliations:

Omsk State Technical University (OmSTU), Omsk, Russia

 
Contacts: Biryukov Sergey Vladimirovich, sbiryukov154@mail.ru
Article received by the editorial office on 22.12.2025

Full text (In Russ./In Eng.) >>

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V. V. Bakhanov, V. I. Kazakov, D. D. Razumov, M. B. Salin

VIDEO RECOGNITION OF SURFACE WAVE PROFILE
IN A CHANNEL WITH TRANSPARENT WALLS

"Nauchnoe Priborostroenie", 2026, vol. 36, no. 1, pp. 39–47

EDN:  AXHEOY
 
In laboratory experiments with waves on the surface of water, measuring the height at a single point is not always sufficient, for example when using a string wave recorder. The paper proposes a method for analyzing the wave profile - the relationship between height, time, and position. For this method to be effective, the wave profile must be visible, for instance, through a transparent wall or from above the water's surface. Additional equipment required for this method includes a video camera, underwater lights, and a measuring tape. A good match is achieved (the algorithm recognizes what the human eye can see) and there is a match in the waveform spectrum.
 

Keywords: surface waves, computer vision, pinhole camera, Laplacian of Gaussian edge detection, dilation

Author affiliations:

Federal Research Center A.V. Gaponov-Grekhov Institute of Applied Physics of the RAS,
Nizhny Novgorod, Russia

 
Contacts: Razumov Dmitrii Dmitrievich, ddrazumov@ipfran.ru
Article received by the editorial office on 29.11.2025

Full text (In Russ./In Eng.) >>

REFERENCES

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M. G. Vorobev1, O. I. Konkov2, A. G. Kuzmin3, S. A. Kukushkin1, Yu. A. Titov3, S. V. Razumov1

MASS SPECTROMETRIC STUDY OF THE CHEMICAL INTERACTION OF CARBON MONOXIDE WITH A MONOCRYSTALLINE SILICON SURFACE

"Nauchnoe Priborostroenie", 2026, vol. 36, no. 1, pp. 48–51

EDN:  LXTMKL
 
A direct in-situ mass spectrometric study of the chemical interaction of gaseous carbon monoxide (CO) with the surface of a monocrystalline silicon substrate was carried out. The aim of this work was to detect the presence of small amounts of silicon monoxide (SiO) molecules in the gas phase, which are the product of the chemical reaction between CO gas and the silicon substrate surface. The SiO molecule is a marker for the reaction of epitaxial silicon carbide film growth on silicon by the method of coordinated substitution of atoms and has the same mass number as CO2. To unambiguously determine the contribution of CO2 molecules to the mass spectrum, a study of the decomposition of CO2 gas into CO under typical process conditions was conducted. It was determined that at temperatures above 950 °C, the presence of CO2 molecules in the reactor is minimal, which confirms the predominance of SiO molecules in the mass spectra, thus experimentally confirming the theoretical foundations of the method.
 

Keywords: mass spectrometry, carbon monoxide, silicon carbide on silicon, gas-phase

Author affiliations:

1Institute for Problems in Mechanical Engineering of the RAS, Saint-Petersburg, Russia
2Ioffe Physical-Technical Institute of the RAS, Saint-Petersburg, Russia
3Institute for Analytical Instrumentation of the RAS, Saint-Petersburg, Russia

 
Contacts: Vorobev Maxim Gennadievich, vmaximg@bk.ru
Article received by the editorial office on 04.12.2025

Full text (In Russ./In Eng.) >>

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    DOI: 10.1063/1.4773343
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  9. Kolesnik N.F., Kudievskii S.S., Kirichenko A.G., Prilutskii O.V. Termokataliticheskii raspad monooksida ugleroda [Termokataliticheskii raspad monooksida ugleroda]. Zaporozh'e: Izdatel'stvo Zaporozhskoi gosudarstvennoi inzhenernoi akademii, 2006. 363 p. (In Russ.). URL: https://www.researchgate.net/publication/287318974_Termokataliticeskij_raspad_monooksida_ugleroda
 

E. Yu. Kulkov, I. A. Balandin, V. I. Batshev

IDENTIFYING POLLUTANTS IN THE INTERNAL CAVITIES
OF ROCKET AND SPACE INDUSTRY PRODUCTS
USING A MULTISPECTRAL ENDOSCOPE

"Nauchnoe Priborostroenie", 2026, vol. 36, no. 1, pp. 52–64

EDN:  JZDTZM
 
This work addresses the problem of detecting and classifying foreign contaminants on the internal surfaces of hard-to-reach cavities in rocket and space applications using a multispectral video endoscope, which simultaneously generates 16 images of the object in narrow spectral intervals across different sections of a single matrix radiation detector. The specific nature of the objects being monitored and their observation conditions dictates the spectral data processing methodology. It has been experimentally demonstrated that the reliability of monitoring is significantly improved by using a contaminant database created for a similar test object.
 

Keywords: nondestructive testing, endoscopy, multispectral imaging

Author affiliations:

Scientific and Technological Centre of Unique Instrumentation of RAS, Moscow, Russia

 
Contacts: Batshev Vladislav Igorevich, batshev.vi@ntcup.ru
Article received by the editorial office on 30.12.2025

Full text (In Russ./In Eng.) >>

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  13. Gitelson A.A., Buschmann C., Lichtenthaler H.K. The chlorophyll fluorescence ratio F735/F700 as an accurate measure of the chlorophyll content in plants. Remote Sensingof Environment, 1999, vol. 69, no. 3, pp. 296–302. DOI: 10.1016/S0034-4257(99)00023-1
  14. Latifinia E., Eisvand H.R. Soybean physiological properties and grain quality responses to nutrients, and predicting nutrient deficiency using chlorophyll fluorescence. Journal of Soil Science and Plant Nutrition, 2022, vol. 22, no. 2, pp. 1942–1954. DOI: 10.1007/s42729-022-00785-0
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  18. Zhiming G., Quansheng C., Jiewen Z., et al. Micro- multi-modal fusion spectral detection system. CN Patent 107044959B. 2017. Publ. Jun. 28, 2019.
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  21. Fedotov Yu.V., Bullo O.A., Belov M.L., Gorodnichev V.A. [Remote laser fluorimeter to detect stress of plants]. Radiooptika [Radiooptics], 2017, no. 1, pp. 1−13. DOI: 1 0.24108/rdopt.0117.0000082 (In Russ.).
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    DOI: 10.1201/9781315120607
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E. E. Maiorov

APPLICATION OF SHEAR INTERFEROMETRY TO CONTROL
THE ANGULAR DISPLACEMENT OF AN OBJECT'S SURFACE

"Nauchnoe Priborostroenie", 2026, vol. 36, no. 1, pp. 65–70

EDN:  DYETSI
 
The present work is devoted to the study of an interference control system for the angular displacement of object surface points on high-resolution holographic plates. Holographic interferometry methods are highly accurate and highly informative measurement methods and make it possible to study processes both in statics and dynamics, can examine highly polished and rough surfaces (of the first and second roughness classes), monitor wave fields that existed at different times, and obtain experimental data in quantitative and qualitative aspects. The paper evaluates the pitch of interference fringes for measurements, suggests a method for eliminating inclined surface displacements, and provides a functional diagram of the developed device. The expression is obtained for interference fringes distinguishable against the background of optical noise for conducting a real experiment.
 

Keywords: shift interferometry, holographic plate, optical noise, interference fringes, optical elements, focal length, angular displacement, linear displacement, aperture

Author affiliations:

Saint-Petersburg State University of Aerospace Instrumentation (SUAI), Saint Petersburg

 
Contacts: Maiorov Evgeniy Evgen'evich, majorov_ee@mail.ru
Article received by the editorial office on 26.12.2025

Full text (In Russ./In Eng.) >>

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  17. Mayorov E.E., Arefyev A.V., Khokhlova M.V., Dagaev A.V., Guliev R.B., Tayurskaya I.S. [Experimental determination of the elementary displacement in the developed optoelectronic control system of holographic objects]. Izvestiya Tul'skogo gosudarstvennogo universiteta. Tekhnicheskie nauki [News of Tula State University. Technical sciences], 2022, vol. 12. pp. 200–205. URL: https://www.elibrary.ru/item.asp?id=50128359 (In Russ.).
  18. Mayorov E.E., Fedorenko A.G., Khokhlova M.V., Khaidarov G.G., Guliev R.B., Dagaev A.V. [The possibility of using two-frequency radiation and a shift interferometer to implement optical heterodication in holographic interferometry]. Izvestiya Tul'skogo gosudarstvennogo universiteta. Tekhnicheskie nauki [News of Tula State University. Technical sciences], 2022, vol. 8, pp. 51–56. URL: https://www.elibrary.ru/item.asp?edn=adycaw (In Russ.).
  19. Maiorov E.E., Cherniak T.A., Kostin G.A. [Application of highly sensitive photographic materials based on silver halides to study the effect of deviations of specklogram substrates on measurement results]. Pribory [Instruments], 2023, no. 5 (275), pp. 51−54. URL: https://elibrary.ru/item.asp?id=54266626. (In Russ.).
 

S. S. Batashova, A. A. Zolotukhina, A. V. Guryleva, D. D. Khokhlov, A. S. Machikhin

PORTABLE DEVICE FOR DETERMINING THE PHYSIOLOGICAL STATE OF PLANTS USING FLUORIMETRY AND SPECTROMETRY METHODS

"Nauchnoe Priborostroenie", 2026, vol. 36, no. 1, pp. 71–86

EDN:  JXTLKX
 
The study aims to present and validate a portable device for plant physiological analysis through combined measurement of fluorescence, transmission, and reflection spectra. The proposed approach integrates three complementary optical techniques in a single handheld device. The system includes two white LEDs for reflectance and transmission measurements, and a blue LED for fluorescence excitation. Spectral data acquisition is performed by a compact spectrometer. The measurement accuracy obtained with the portable device was validated against standard methods and reference instrumentation on cucumber and tomato leaves. A prototype of the portable device is capable of measuring reflection and transmission spectra, as well as fluorescence spectral intensity of plant leaves. The device requires minimal sample preparation while providing precise and reliable measurements. Average relative error is 23% for spectral reflectance, 19% for transmittance, and 26% for fluorescence. Correlation coefficients between spectral characteristics and chlorophyll concentration were also determined, and spectral information was reduced to vegetation indices with the choice of the optimal coefficient at different wavelengths. The coefficients of determination for pigment concentration and vegetation indices are 0.99 (cucumber) and 0.93 (tomato) in reflection mode, 0.99 (cucumber) and 0.90 (tomato) in transmission mode, and 0.99 (cucumber) and 0.83 (tomato) in fluorescence mode.
 

Keywords: fluorescence spectroscopy, reflection spectroscopy, spectral data processing, physiological state of plants, chlorophyll

Author affiliations:

Scientific and Technological Centre of Unique Instrumentation
of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow, Russia

 
Contacts: Khokhlov Demid Denisovich, khokhlov.dd@ntcup.ru
Article received by the editorial office on 04.12.2025

Full text (In Russ./In Eng.) >>

REFERENCES

  1. Van Dijk M., Morley T., Rau M.L. et al. A meta-analysis of projected global food demand and population at risk of hunger for the period 2010–2050. Nature Food, 2021, vol. 2, no. 7, pp. 494–501. DOI: 10.1038/s43016-021-00322-9
  2. Sharma A., Prakash A., Bhambota S., Kumar S. Investigations of precision agriculture technologies with application to developing countries. Environment, Development and Sustainability, 2025, vol. 27, pp. 15135–15171. DOI: 10.1007/s10668-024-04572-y
  3. Nowak B. Precision Agriculture: Where do We Stand? A Review of the Adoption of Precision Agriculture Technologies on Field Crops Farms in Developed Countries. Agricultural Research, 2021, vol. 10, no. 4, pp. 515–522. DOI: 10.1007/s40003-021-00539-x
  4. Viana L., Tomaz D.C., Martins R.N. et al. Optical Sensors for Precision Agriculture: An Outlook. Journal of Expe-rimental Agriculture International, 2019, vol. 35, no. 2, pp. 1–9. DOI: 10.9734/jeai/2019/v35i230203
  5. Gorji R., Skvaril J., Odlare M. Applications of optical sensing and imaging spectroscopy in indoor farming: A systematic review. Spectrochim Acta: A Mol Biomol­Spectrosc. Elsevier, 2024, vol. 322, Id. 124820. DOI: 10.1016/j.saa.2024.124820
  6. Maimaitiyiming M., Ghulam A., Bozzolo A., Wilkins J., Kwasniewski M. Early detection of plant physiological responses to different levels of water stress using reflectance spectroscopy. Remote Sensing, 2017, vol. 9, no. 7, Id. 745. DOI: 10.3390/rs9070745
  7. Tripodi P., Massa D., Accursio V., Cardi T. Sensing technologies for precision phenotyping in vegetable crops: current status and future challenges. Agronomy, 2018, vol. 8, no. 4, Id. 57. DOI: 10.3390/agronomy8040057
  8. Batshev V.I., Krioukov A.V., Machikhin A.S., Zolotukhina A.A. [Multispectral video camera optical system]. Opticheskii Zhurnal [Journal of Optical Technology], 2023, vol. 90, no. 11, pp. 113–123. (In Russ.). URL: https://opticjourn.ru/index.php/ru/abstract/2023-90-11-113-123
  9. Bijay-Singh, Ali A.M. Using hand-held chlorophyll meters and canopy reflectance sensors for fertilizer nitrogen management in cereals in small farms in developing countries. Sensors, 2020, vol. 20, no. 4, Id. 1127. DOI: 10.3390/s20041127
  10. Zolotukhina A., Machikhin A., Guryleva A., Gresis V., Tedeeva V. Extraction of chlorophyll concentration maps from AOTF hyperspectral imagery. Front. Environ. Sci., 2023, vol. 11, Id. 1152450. DOI: 10.3389/fenvs.2023.1152450
  11. Vilyunov S.D., Zotikov V.I., Sidorenko V.S., Starikova Zh.V., Mal'tsev A.A. [Application of vegetation indices in winter soft wheat breeding]. Zernobobovye i krupyanye kul'tury [Legumes and groat crops], 2022, vol. 3, no. 43, pp. 73–83. (In Russ.). URL: https://journal.vniizbk.ru/jurnals/43/j_zbk_2022_3-073-083.pdf
  12. Main R., Cho M.A., Mathieu R., O’Kennedy M.M., Ramoelo A., Koch S. An investigation into robust spectral indices for leaf chlorophyll estimation. ISPRS Journal of Photogrammetry and Remote Sensing, 2011, vol. 66, no. 6, pp. 751–761. DOI: 10.1016/j.isprsjprs.2011.08.001
  13. Gitelson A.A., Buschmann C., Lichtenthaler H.K. The chlorophyll fluorescence ratio F735/F700 as an accurate measure of the chlorophyll content in plants. Remote Sensingof Environment, 1999, vol. 69, no. 3, pp. 296–302. DOI: 10.1016/S0034-4257(99)00023-1
  14. Latifinia E., Eisvand H.R. Soybean physiological properties and grain quality responses to nutrients, and predicting nutrient deficiency using chlorophyll fluorescence. Journal of Soil Science and Plant Nutrition, 2022, vol. 22, no. 2, pp. 1942–1954. DOI: 10.1007/s42729-022-00785-0
  15. Van Wittenberghe S., Alonso L., Malenovský Z., Moreno J. In vivo photoprotection mechanisms observed from leaf spectral absorbance changes showing VIS–NIR slow-induced conformational pigment bed changes. Photosynth Res. Springer, 2019, vol. 142, no. 3, pp. 283–305. DOI: 10.1007/s11120-019-00664-3
  16. Lanoue M., Ryan R.E., O'Neal D., Russell J.A. System and method for co-registered hyperspectral imaging. US Patent 20080144013A1. 2007. Publ. Jun. 19, 2008.
  17. Wenqian H., Zhiming G., Qingyan W., Jiangbo L., Chi Z., Jianhua G. Portable blade spectrum detection device.  CN Patent 203069501U. 2013. Publ. Jul. 17, 2013.
  18. Zhiming G., Quansheng C., Jiewen Z., et al.  Micro- multi-modal fusion spectral detection system. CN Patent 107044959B. 2017. Publ. Jun. 28, 2019.
  19. Brown L., Williams O., Dash J. Calibration and characterisation of four chlorophyll meters and transmittance spectroscopy for non-destructive estimation of forest leaf chlorophyll concentration. Agricultural and Forest Meteo-rology, 2022, vol. 323, Id. 109059. DOI: 10.1016/j.agrformet.2022.109059
  20. Tret'yakov N.N. (ed.), Koshkin E.I., Makrushin N.M. et al. Fiziologiya i biokhimiya sel'skokhozyaistvennykh rastenii [Physiology and biochemistry of agricultural plants].  Moscow, Kolos Publ., 2000. 640 p. (In Russ.).
  21. Fedotov Yu.V., Bullo O.A., Belov M.L., Gorodnichev V.A. [Remote laser fluorimeter to detect stress of plants]. Radiooptika [Radiooptics], 2017, no. 1, pp. 1−13. DOI: 1 0.24108/rdopt.0117.0000082 (In Russ.).
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B. P. Sharfarets, V. E. Kurochkin

NUMERICAL EVALUATION OF THE EFFECTIVENESS
OF LIQUID AND AIR ELECTROKINETIC RADIATORS.
VISCOUS HEAT TRANSFER FLUID CASE

"Nauchnoe Priborostroenie", 2026, vol. 36, no. 1, pp. 87–94

EDN:  PYNUNZ
 
This work continues a series of model experiments using the computing package, allowing us to forecast the comparative efficiency of electrokinetic sound emitters in liquid and air environments. Previously, such a forecast was made by the authors for the condition of the presence of only viscous losses in the medium. In this work, an attempt was made to obtain the comparative efficiency of electrokinetic emitters in liquid and air environments using the computing package COMSOL Multiphysics in the presence of not only viscous but also thermal losses. As a result of the numerical experiments, an insignificant effect of taking into account thermal losses on the accuracy of calculations was revealed. This fact can significantly speed up the implementation of complex model experiments using the COMSOL Multiphysics package.
 

Keywords: electrokinetic emitters, viscous, incompressible heat-conducting liquid

Author affiliations:

Institute for Analytical Instrumentation, RAS, St. Petersburg, Russia

 
Contacts: Sharfarets Boris Pinkusovich, sharb@mail.ru
Article received by the editorial office on 22.08.2025

Full text (In Russ./In Eng.) >>

REFERENCES

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B. V. Bardin, A. Ya. Loginov, V. V. Manoilov, A. I. Petrov

A METHOD FOR PROCESSING SIGNALS FROM NON-STATIONARY SPECTROMETRIC PROCESSES IN DNA SEQUENCING USING INVERSE FUNCTIONS

"Nauchnoe Priborostroenie", 2026, vol. 36, no. 1, pp. 95–102

EDN:  PDFNMQ
 
The need to analyze non-stationary processes arises in many spectrometry applications. Non-stationary processes are those in which some signal parameters change over time. For a wide variety of devices, time can be understood conditionally. For example, in spectrophotometry, it is the photon wavelength; in mass spectrometry, the molecular mass; in photoelectron spectrometry, the electron binding energy in an atom, etc. As a measure of time in most devices, one can choose a physical characteristic, according to which the spectrum scale — the abscissa axis of the graph, is calibrated. This paper discusses algorithms for processing signals from a non-stationary process, which is a set of signals from Sanger DNA sequencing analysis using capillary electrophoresis. Ideally, in such devices, the width of the spectral peaks and the time interval between the peaks of adjacent nucleotides (in the DNA strand) are the same for all channels. However, in real devices, when analyzing long DNA fragments of approximately 1000 nucleotides, the values of these parameters vary over time. For example, at the end of the analysis cycle, the peak widths increase, while the distances between them decrease, and the spectral peaks practically merge with each other. This paper examines algorithms for converting a non-stationary spectrum into a stationary one by transferring points of the original non-stationary spectrum to the scale of the output stationary spectrum using the inverse function of the time scale. The inverse function allows for correction of the non-linear time scale. The algorithms were tested on mathematical models and real signals. The test results are presented in the paper.
 

Keywords: nucleic acid sequencing, mathematical processing of non-stationary processes in spectrometry, a use of inverse functions

Author affiliations:

Institute for Analytical Instrumentation of RAS, Saint Petersburg, Russia

 
Contacts: Bardin Boris Vasilievichbardin.bv@mail.ru
Article received by the editorial office on 13.11.2025

Full text (In Russ./In Eng.) >>

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I. V. Kurnin

SELF-CONSISTENT SIMULATION OF THE MOTION
OF IONS CARRIED OUT BY A GAS JET FROM A CAPILLARY
INTO A RADIO FREQUENCY QUADRUPOLE

"Nauchnoe Priborostroenie", 2026, vol. 36, no. 1, pp. 103–108

EDN:  WQVMTK
 
The paper presents a procedure for transferring calculated spatial distributions of gas-dynamic parameters to the users algorithm of the SIMION 8.1 ion-optical calculation program for self-consistent calculation of ion motion in an electric and gasdynamic fields. The simulation of the capturing an ion beam, emitted out from a capillary with a gas jet, by a radio frequency quadrupole, is carried out as the example of the self-consistent simulation of the ion motion. The efficiency of the ion transportation (in the mass range of 100–2000 a.m.u.) through the area of intermediate pressure in the quadrupole and the efficiency of the ion transmission through the differential pumping diaphragm at the outlet of the quadrupole without applying a longitudinal drawing electrostatic field are shown.
 

Keywords: transport capillary, gas jet, RF quadrupole, interface of mass spectrometer

Author affiliations:

Institute for Analytical Instrumentation of RAS, Saint Petersburg, Russia

 
Contacts: Kurnin Igor' Vasil'evich, igor.kurnin@gmail.com
Article received by the editorial office on 24.12.2025

Full text (In Russ./In Eng.) >>

REFERENCES

  1. Covey T.R., Thomson B.A., Schneider B.B.  Atmospheric pressure ion sources.  Mass Spectrometry Reviews, 2009, vol. 28, no. 6, pp. 870–897. DOI: 10.1002/mas.20246
  2. Manura D., Dahl D.A. SIMION 8.0 User’s Manual. Sci. Instrument Services, Inc. Idaho Nat. Lab, 2006. URL: https://simion.com/info/manual.html
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Ya . Murhi j1, Dm. Uchaev2, D. Uchaev2, D. Gavrilov1, E. Tatarinova1

USING DDRNET TO ENHANCE VSLAM STABILITY
IN A MOVING SCENE

"Nauchnoe Priborostroenie", 2026, vol. 36, no. 1, pp. 109–119

EDN:  WGTPRR
 
The paper illustrates the possibility of using a deep dual-resolution neural network (DDRNet) for solving the problem of real-time detection of moving objects (pedestrians, cyclists, cars, etc.) in images. The paper also presents a DDR-SLAM software solution in the field of VSLAM (Visual Simultaneous Localization and Mapping) in dynamic environments. This VSLAM solution is, in fact, an improved implementation of the ORB-SLAM2 framework, in which the DDRNet neural network is used to mask moving objects. The results of experimental testing of DDR-SLAM on image sequences from the KITTI and Cityscapes datasets demonstrate that DDR-SLAM ensures low positioning error values in the following scenarios: vehicle movement in dense traffic; long-term stay of a vehicle in a traffic jam; slowing down the movement of a vehicle before an intersection, to which other vehicles are also approaching, etc. It is also shown that DDR-SLAM confidently outperforms the VSLAM solution ORB-SLAM2 in terms of positioning accuracy in scenarios where there is a large number of moving objects. The source code of DDR-SLAM is available at the link (https://github.com/YznMur/DDRSLAM.git).
 

Keywords: deep learning, simultaneous localization and mapping (SLAM), semantic segmentation, dynamic environment

Author affiliations:

1Federal State Autonomous Educational Institution of Higher Education "Moscow Institute
of Physics and Technology (National Research University)", Dolgoprudny, Moscow, Russia
2Federal State Budgetary Educational Institution of Higher Education "Moscow State
University of Geodesy and Cartography", Moscow, Russia

 
Contacts: Tatarinova Elena Alexandrovna, tatarinova.ea@mipt.ru
Article received by the editorial office on 15.10.2025

Full text (In Russ./In Eng.) >>

REFERENCES

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