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"Nauchnoe Priborostroenie", 2023, Vol. 33, no. 4.
 ISSN 2312-2951

"NP" 2023 year Vol. 33 no. 4.,   ABSTRACTS

ABSTRACTS, REFERENCES

A. N. Zubik, G. E. Rudnitskaya, A. A. Evstrapov

MICROVALVES IN MICROFLUIDIC DEVICES.
PART 1. ACTIVE MICROVALVES

"Nauchnoe priborostroenie", 2023, vol. 33, no. 4, pp. 3—27.
 

The microvalve is one of the most important functional elements of a microfluidic device. Microvalves allow dosing, mixing, starting/stopping liquid flows, flow control, and sealing reaction chambers –widely used operations in integrated microfluidic systems. There are many types of microvalves, each of which has different characteristics, and is designed to solve specific problems. Microvalves have been developed as active or passive structural elements with mechanical, non-mechanical, and external systems. This article provides an overview of the most commonly used designs of microvalves based on various actuators in microfluidics.
 

Keywords: microfluidics, microvalve, active valve, passive valve

Author affiliations:

Institute for Analytical Instrumentation of RAS, Saint Petersburg, Russia

 
Contacts: Zubik Aleksandra Nikolaevna, tunix@yandex.ru
Article received by the editorial office on 27.07.2023

Full text (In Russ./In Eng.) >>

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A. K. Britenkov, M. S. Norkin, A. V. Stulenkov, R. V. Travin

STUDY OF THE ELECTROACOUSTIC CHARACTERISTICS OF THE COMPACT LOW-FREQUENCY HYDROACOUSTIC TRANSDUCER (3D LFHE) OF A LONGITUDINAL-BENDING TYPE AND A COMPLEX SHAPE

"Nauchnoe Priborostroenie", 2023, vol. 33, no. 4, pp. 28—39.
 

The results of studies of the resonant characteristics of a compact longitudinal-bending hydroacoustic transducer with an all-metal radiating shell of a complex shape – 3D LFHE –in air and an analysis of its electroacoustic characteristics in water are presented. An analysis of the distribution of the amplitude of vibrations over the device surface in air and electroacoustic parameters in water, obtained during full-scale tests, confirms that the radiator presented in the work with overall dimensions less than 120 mm and a weight of up to 1.2 kg is superior in a number of parameters to radiators of similar sizes, in particular, it has a higher values of the coefficient of mechanical transformation and the use of the added mass of water. Despite its compact size, the 3D LFHE presented in the paper has a voltage sensitivity of 1.6 Pa×m/V in water at a fundamental resonance frequency of 1.6 kHz, a relative bandwidth of at least 16%, and an efficiency in the operating frequency band of up to 90%. It is shown that after installing additional elements, the efficiency of 3D LFHE is increased due to reducing the level of vibrations of the end flanges outside the main frequency band. According to the calculations, the radiated acoustic power of such a 3D LFHE in the mode of transmission of binary phase-shift keyed signals can reach 50 W or more, which allows, taking into account the high reliability (confirmed service life of more than 1011 cycles) and manufacturability, to successfully use such hydroacoustic transducers for a wide range of problems in underwater hydroacoustics, navigation, and telecommunications.
 

Keywords: underwater communication, hydroacoustic modem, electromechanical transformer, low-frequency hydroacoustic emitter, additive technologies, acoustic power, laser vibrometry

Author affiliation:

A.V. Gaponov-Grekhov Institute of Applied Physics of the RAS, Nizhny Novgorod, Russia

 
Contacts: Britenkov Alexander Konstantinovich, britenkov@ipfran.ru
Article received by the editorial office on 29.06.2023

Full text (In Russ./In Eng.) >>

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S. V. Biryukov

METHOD FOR MEASURING THE ELECTRIC FIELD STRENGTH
WITH DETERMINING THE ERROR OF THE MEASUREMENT
RESULT AND THE DISTANCE TO THE FIELD SOURCE

"Nauchnoe Priborostroenie", 2023, vol. 33, no. 4, pp. 40—47.
 

Electric fields of a technogenic nature, surrounding technical and biological objects have adverse effects on them. This leads to the need to control and measure the parameters of electric fields. In this regard, the creation of new methods and means for measuring the electric field strength of a technogenic nature is an urgent task. The paper considers a method for measuring the electric field strength, that allows not only measuring the value of the field strength, but also determining its error from the measured values and estimating the distance to the field source. The method is based on a dual electric induction spherical electric field strength sensor. The sensor allows you to simultaneously measure two strength values at the same point of the field, with errors of opposite signs. The use of two intensity values in the method during one measurement session made it possible to determine the error at each measurement point and the distance to the field source. The possibility of using the method of measuring the electric field strength to determine the error of the measurement result and the distance to the field source at each point of the field is considered for the first time.
 

Keywords: measurement method, electric field strength, dual sensor, error estimate at each measurement point, distance to the field source

Author affiliations:

Omsk State Technical University, Omsk, Russia

 
Contacts: Biryukov Sergey Vladimirovich, sbiryukov154@mail.ru
Article received by the editorial office on 10.07.2023

Full text (In Russ./In Eng.) >>

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I. F. Spivak-Lavrov, O. A. Baysanov, S. U. Sharipov, B. O. Sarsembaev

DYNAMICS OF CHARGED PARTICLES IN TWO-DIMENSIONAL
MAGNETIC PRISMS WITH ACCOUNT OF THE INFLUENCE
OF FRINGE FIELDS

"Nauchnoe Priborostroenie", 2023, vol. 33, no. 4, pp. 48—55.
 

The analytical formulas developed for the potential of the electrostatic field of deflector plates with grounded screens are applied to the scalar magnetic potential of a two-dimensional magnetic prism with magnetic screens. By defining the induction of the magnetic field of the prism as the gradient of the scalar magnetic potential, we simultaneously analytically describe the fringe fields of the magnet. In this case, to calculate the trajectories of charged particles in a two-dimensional magnetic prism, it is convenient to use Newton's dimensionless equations, which make it possible to take into account the influence of the fringe fields of a magnet on the properties of prisms. The corpuscular-optical characteristics of two-dimensional magnetic prims with magnetic screens in the telescopic focusing mode are calculated taking into account the influence of the fringe fields of the magnet.
 

Keywords: two-dimensional magnetic prisma, magnet fringe fields, Newton's dimensionless equations, telescopic focusing mode

Author affiliations:

Aktobe Regional University named after. K. Zhubanova, Aktobe, Kazakhstan

 
Contacts: Spivak-Lavrov Igor' Feliksovich, spivakif@rambler.ru
Article received by the editorial office on 09.08.2023

Full text (In Russ./In Eng.) >>

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  8. Spivak-Lavrov I.F., Nurmukhanov A.A., Shukaeva T.Zh. [Prismatic mass spectrograph with a conical achromatic prism and transaxial lenses]. Nauchnoe Priborostroenie [Scientific Instrumentation], 2019, vol. 29, no. 1, pp. 116—125. DOI: 10.18358/np-29-1-i116125 (In Russ.).
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D. A. Davydov , V. Yu. Neruk, P. P. Pivnev

RESEARCH OF THE IMPEDANCE OF A BROADBAND
ACOUSTIC PIEZOELECTRIC TRANSDUCER COMPOSED
OF DIFFERENT-FREQUENCY EMITTERS

"Nauchnoe Priborostroenie", 2023, vol. 33, no. 4, pp. 56—59.
 

The construction of hydroacoustic underwater surveillance systems is associated with compliance with some necessary requirements for their characteristics. One of them is high distance resolution. The distance resolution is determined by the bandwidth of the emitted and received signals and, consequently, by the bandwidth of the converters employed in the antenna system. The bandwidth  of converters is achieved in various ways: by means of traditional methods of expanding the frequency band with an active or passive load, the use of special materials for converters, and the use of parametric modes of emission of acoustic signals. One of the options for constructing such converters may be the use of different-frequency components of piezoelements in one converter, mechanically coupled along the field. In this case, it is necessary to take into account the quality factor of each of the loaded oscillatory systems, and not only the active load on radiation must be considered, but also the damping of the parts of the converter by structural elements.
 

Keywords: hydroacoustics, broadband, antenna systems, active component of impedance, piezoelectric transducer

Author affiliations:

Southern Federal University, Taganrog, Russia

 
Contacts: Davydov Daniil Andreevich, d.davydov505@gmail.com
Article received by the editorial office on 09.08.2023

Full text (In Russ./In Eng.) >>

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V. A. Lomovskoy, Y. V. Chugunov, S. A. Shatokhina

METHODOLOGY FOR THE STUDY OF INTERNAL FRICTION
IN THE MODE OF FREE DAMPED OSCILLATORY PROCESS

"Nauchnoe Priborostroenie", 2023, vol. 33, no. 4, pp. 60—71.
 

The study of local dissipative processes, which appear as loss peaks in the internal friction spectrum at various temperature ranges and have a variety of structural sources as well as internal friction mechanisms, is the focus of this work.
 

Keywords: free oscillations, logarithmic decrement, temperature dependence of frequency, shear modulus defect, measurement error

Author affiliations:

Frumkin Institute of Physical Chemistry and Electrochemistry of RAS, Moscow, Russia

 
Contacts: Shatokhina Svetlana Aleksandrovna, svetlanka.mazurina@mail.ru
Article received by the editorial office on 10.10.2023

Full text (In Russ./In Eng.) >>

REFERENCES

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A . O. Schiriy

TWO METHODS FOR MEASURING HF BAND NOISE

"Nauchnoe Priborostroenie", 2023, vol. 33, no. 4, pp. 72—83.
 

Two methods of measuring HF band noise are presented. The first method allows you to extract information about station interference from data on ionospheric radiosounding using linear-frequency-modulated signals — thus, the characteristics of both the signal and interference can be measured simultaneously; the informativeness of the existing ionospheric sounding method increases; however, in this case, reception is carried out in a specific radiosounding mode, which somewhat limits the possibilities of measuring noises, for example, measuring their absolute values. If only interference characteristics are needed, then it is advisable to use the second technique, which operates in the mode of a conventional "classical" radio reception. The second method is a universal, flexible method for measuring panoramas of the spectrum of noises of various types. Its flexibility lies in the possibility of wide variation of the parameters of interference measurements, including processing the stored measurement data after the experiment finishes, which allows you to use the same data for research with different purposes; the second technique can be combined with ionospheric sounding. The described methods are implemented as part of hardware and software complexes of various designs for ionospheric sounding. A technique for estimating the background noise level based on a panorama of the interference spectrum is also given. In the future, it is possible to implement an algorithm for panoramic measurement of interference in all kinds of ranges wider than a decameter one (but including it). It is proposed to do this on the basis of Software Defined Radio technology.
 

Keywords: noise measurement, decameter noise, noise spectrum, ionospheric radiosonding, oblique ionospheric sounding

Author affiliations:

Pushkov Institute of Terrestrial Magnetism, Ionosphere and Radio Wave Propagation
of the Russian Academy of Sciences (IZMIRAN), Moscow, Russia

 
Contacts: Schiriy Andrey Olegovich, andreyschiriy@gmail.com
Article received by the editorial office on 31.07.2023

Full text (In Russ./In Eng.) >>

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T. V. Osipova, A. M. Baranov, I. I. Ivanov

EVALUATION OF THE EFFECTIVENESS OF MACHINE LEARNING
CLASSIFIERS FOR GAS TYPE AND CONCENTRATION RECOGNITION

"Nauchnoe Priborostroenie", 2023, vol. 33, no. 4, pp. 84—90.
 

The paper highlights the artificial intelligence (AI) classification methods in machine learning for recognizing the gas type and its concentration in a mixture. The applicability of classifiers is assessed. During the study, theoretical values of hydrogen, hydrocarbons, and their mixtures with a hydrogen fraction of 20, 50 and 80% were calculated, and the AI classifiers were evaluated using experimental data obtained from a catalytic sensor. The presented classifiers made it possible to determine the type of gas with an accuracy of up to 87.5%.
 

Keywords: catalytic sensor, principal component analysis, classification, determining concentration, hydrogen, data processing

Author affiliations:

Moscow Aviation Institute (National Research University), Moscow, Russia

 
Contacts: Osipova Tat'yana Vladislavovna, t.osipova.95@mail.ru
Article received by the editorial office on 11.09.2023

Full text (In Russ./In Eng.) >>

REFERENCES

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E. E. Maiorov1, A. V. Arefiev1, R. B. Guliyev1, V. P. Pushkina1, G. A. Tsygankova2

INVESTIGATION OF THE DEVELOPED SPECTROPHOTOMETRIC
SENSOR FOR COLORIMETRIC DEVICES
USING OPTOELECTRONIC RGB COMPONENTS

"Nauchnoe Priborostroenie", 2023, vol. 33, no. 4, pp. 91—100.
 

The study highlights the development of a spectrophotometric sensor for colorimetric devices using optoelectronic RGB components. Foreign colorimeters, which include spectrophotometers, have a high cost and are sometimes inaccessible to a domestic consumer, therefore, the development of a spectrophotometric sensor for domestic colorimeters built on optoelectronic RGB components may draw interest. The work defines the goal and sets the task of the study. A block diagram, a lighting system with a photometric integrating sphere, and the appearance of a spectrophotometric sensor are presented. The spectral distribution of the signal I(λ) in the measuring channel at level "0" and at level "1" is obtained. The wavelength scale sensor was calibrated using normalized emission lines from a mercury-helium lamp and blue glass of the SS6 make. The resulting error Δλ = 0.5 nm of calibration of the wavelength scale was obtained. The linearity of the transmission scale was investigated, and the photometric error was estimated in terms of comparing the measured and calculated transmission values T(λ) for colored neutral glasses. The measurement error was no worse than ΔT ≤ 0.5%.
 

Keywords: spectrophotometric sensor, wavelength scale, transmittance, measurement error, glasses, linear interpolation, colorimeter

Author affiliations:

1Saint-Petersburg State University of Aerospace Instrumentation (GUAP), Saint-Petersburg, Russia
2Naval Polytechnic Institute of the VUNC Navy VMA, Pushkin, Russia

 
Contacts: Maiorov Evgeniy Evgen'evich, majorov_ee@mail.ru
Article received by the editorial office on 15.07.2023

Full text (In Russ./In Eng.) >>

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V. S. Sibirtsev1, A. G. Kuzmin2, Yu. A. Titov2, M. Yu. Zanevskaya3, A. Yu. Zaitseva2

POSSIBILITIES OF MASS SPECTROMETRIC QUALITY CONTROL
OF DAIRY PRODUCTS ON THE EXAMPLE OF INDUSTRIAL
YOGHURTS WITH VARIOUS ADDITIVES

"Nauchnoe Priborostroenie", 2023, vol. 33, no. 4, pp. 101—110.
 

Mass spectrometry is a unique tool for the quality and safety control of food products. In this article, the objects of study were samples of "fresh" and "acceleratedly fermented" samples of yogurts industrially produced by different manufacturers (with various microbiological starters, dairy raw materials, functional food additives, etc.). The qualitative and quantitative composition analysis of the samples was carried out using a small-sized quadrupole gas mass spectrometer MS7-200 with electron impact ionization developed at the IAP RAS. Then, the "intelligent" mathematical processing of the obtained data was carried out (using the method of "principal components", etc.). The work confirmed that mass spectrometric analysis and subsequent mathematical processing of the obtained data using the methods of multivariate statistical analysis can reliably assess the composition and quality of samples of various dairy products, including the materials used for their packaging. In addition, the methods developed by us for preliminary "accelerated fermentation" of the analyzed samples of dairy products, as well as pre-heating of the package before sampling, significantly increase the sensitivity of the analysis. The solutions proposed in this work make it possible to use mass spectrometry as one of the most effective methods for monitoring the composition and quality of dairy products. This method has such advantages as accessibility for wide use, high speed and cost-effectiveness, low requirements for operator qualifications, etc.
 

Keywords: mass spectrometry, food industry, dairy products

Author affiliations:

1State University of Chemistry and Pharmacy Saint Petersburg, Russia
2Institute for Analytical Instrumentation of RAS, Saint Petersburg, Russia
3State University of Aerospace Instrumentation Saint Petersburg, Russia

 
Contacts: Kuzmin Aleksey Georgievich, agqz55@rambler.ru
Article received by the editorial office on 25.08.2023

Full text (In Russ./In Eng.) >>

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A. A. Gavrishev1, D. L. Osipov2

BUILDING OF A GENERALIZED QUALITY ASSESSMENT
CRITERION CRYPTOGRAPHIC CODE SEQUENCES USED
IN SECURE WIRELESS COMMUNICATION SYSTEMS

"Nauchnoe Priborostroenie", 2023, vol. 33, no. 4, pp. 111—118.
 

The analysis of statistical methods for assessing the cryptographic strength of code sequences used in secure wireless communication systems was carried out. The analysis showed that a universal quality assessment indicator (QAI) for assessing the cryptographic strength of code sequences was not proposed in the well-known works. It is noted that it is advisable to form a QAI complex for assessing the cryptographic resistance of code sequences using statistical methods. The QAIs previously described in the literature are to be included in this set. The formed QAI complex, according to the authors, makes it possible to more accurately assess the cryptographic resistance of code sequences used in secure wireless communication systems. To evaluate the cryptographic resistance of code sequences and to serve as a generalized quality criterion, a single tuple has been developed based on the QAI complex. It is noted such a tuple is not explicitly represented in known papers. The authors have modified the original tuple taking into account the QAIs, responsible for reliability. The need to pay attention to the QAI complex is revealed in the use of cryptographic code sequences in secure wireless communication systems. The generalized quality assessment criterion will improve the accuracy of assessing the cryptographic resistance of code sequences used in secure wireless communication systems.
 

Keywords: quality assessment indicators, secure wireless communication systems, code sequences, crypto resistance, statistical methods

Author affiliations:

1NRNU MEPhI, Moscow, Russia
2NCFU, Stavropol, Russia

 
Contacts: GavrishevAleksejAndreevich, alexxx.2008@inbox.ru
Article received by the editorial office on 18.08.2023

Full text (In Russ./In Eng.) >>

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IN MEMORY OF L. N. GALL

"Nauchnoe Priborostroenie", 2023, vol. 33, no. 4, pp. 119—120.
 

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ÑÎÄÅÐÆÀÍÈÅ ÒÎÌÀ 33

"Nauchnoe Priborostroenie", 2023, vol. 33, no. 4, pp. 121—123.
 

 ÍÎÌÅÐ 1
 ÍÎÌÅÐ 2
 ÍÎÌÅÐ 3
 ÍÎÌÅÐ 4
 

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CONTENTS OF VOLUME 33

"Nauchnoe Priborostroenie", 2023, vol. 33, no. 4, pp. 124—126.
 

 NUMBER 1
 NUMBER 2
 NUMBER 3
 NUMBER 4
 

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ÀÂÒÎÐÑÊÈÉ ÓÊÀÇÀÒÅËÜ ÒÎÌÀ 33

"Nauchnoe Priborostroenie", 2023, vol. 33, no. 4, pp. 127—127.
 

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THE AUTHORS INDEX OF VOLUME 33

"Nauchnoe Priborostroenie", 2023, vol. 33, no. 4, pp. 128—128.
 

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Ulitsa Ivana Chernykh, 31-33, lit. A, St. Petersburg, Russia, 198095, P.O.B. 140
tel: (812) 3630719, fax: (812) 3630720, mail: iap@ianin.spb.su

content: Valery D. Belenkov design: Banu S. Kuspanova layout: Anton V. Manoilov