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  JOURNAL "NP" ISSUES

"Nauchnoe Priborostroenie", 2023, Vol. 33, no. 2.
ISSN 2312-2951

"NP" 2023 year Vol. 33 no. 2.,   ABSTRACTS

ABSTRACTS, REFERENCES

Yu. A. Titov, A. G. Kuzmin, N. A. Esikova

INVESTIGATION OF MASS-SPECTROMETRIC SYSTEMS USING SILICONE MEMBRANES AND
CAPILLARY FOR DIRECT INLET OF GAS SAMPLES

"Nauchnoe priborostroenie", 2023, vol. 33, no. 2, pp. 3—11.
 

The paper presents the results of a study of the gas permeability of thin silicone membranes used as part of a direct sample inlet system into an MS7-200 quadrupole mass spectrometer. Materials of 4 sorts were studied: Sylgard-184, PlatSet-30, Lasil-T4 and Lasil-C. The thickness of the fabricated membranes varied from 45 to 75 μm. PlatSet-30, 50 µm was determined to be the most permeable membrane. The mass spectra obtained using a membrane sample inlet system and a direct capillary sample inlet system were also compared. The following gases were used as the test ones: atmospheric air, sulfur dioxide in nitrogen, and pentane in air. The advantages of membrane inlet compared to capillary are shown, namely, an increase in sensitivity for individual components at low sample concentrations. The main disadvantage of silicone membranes is their rather high probability of damage when installed in a membrane inlet system.
 

Keywords: mass spectrometry, silicone membranes, membrane inlet, polydimethylsiloxane

Author affiliations:

Institute for Analytical Instrumentation of RAS, Saint Petersburg, Russia

 
Contacts: Titov Yuriy Alekseevich, toplm@mail.ru
Article received by the editorial office on 23.03.2023

Full text (In Russ./In Eng.) >>

REFERENCES

  1. Elochin V.A., Ershov T.D., Elizarov A.Yu. [Use of membrane separator interface for mass spectrometry analysis of anaesthetic products in biological fluids]. Nauchnoe Priborostroenie [Scientific Instrumentation], 2014, vol. 24, no. 2, pp. 118—122. (In Russ.). URL: http://iairas.ru/mag/2014/abst2.php#abst15
  2. Gorbazkiy V.V., Elochin V.A., Nikolaev V.I., Ershov T.D., Elizarov A.Yu. [Study of gases dissolved in seawater using a mass spectrometer with a membrane separator interface]. Nauchnoe Priborostroenie [Scientific Instrumentation], 2016, vol. 26, no. 1, pp. 68—76. DOI: 10.18358/np-26-1-i6876 (In Russ.).
  3. Kogan V.T. Mass-spektrometriya. Osnovy, prilozheniya [Mass spectrometry. Basics, Applications]. SPb., Izd-vo Politechnicheskogo universiteta, 2008. 107 p. (In Russ.).
  4. Kuzmin A.G. Kvadrupol'nyy mass-spektrometr [Quadrupole mass spectrometer]. Patent ¹ 94763 RF, 27.05.2010. (In Russ.).
 

I. I. Ivanov, A. M. Baranov

STUDY OF THE INFLUENCE OF FLAMELESS CATALYTIC COMBUSTION OF HYDROGEN ON PLATINUM GROUP CATALYSTS ON PARAMETERS OF THERMAL CATALYTIC SENSORS

"Nauchnoe Priborostroenie", 2023, vol. 33, no. 2, pp. 12—23.
 

An investigation was conducted on the response of hydrogen catalytic sensors with platinum group catalysts (Pt+3Pd, Pt, Pd, Ir, and Rh) at room temperature. It was shown that the reaction of flameless catalytic combustion of hydrogen on Pt and Pt+3Pd catalysts occurs at a temperature of 20 ºC, which is manifested in the spontaneous heating of the sensitive element of the catalytic sensor and an increase in the resistance of the microheater. For the first time, the temperature of the microheater was measured, and it was shown that the temperature increased by 99 ºC and 84 ºC in the gas mixture containing 0.96% vol. of hydrogen for Pt and Pt+3Pd catalysts, respectively. A method for measuring the hydrogen concentration with a catalytic sensor without applying a heating voltage has been proposed.
 

Keywords: thermal catalytic hydrogen sensor, platinum group catalysts, low-temperature catalytic combustion, reaction self-initiation temperature

Author affiliation:

Moscow Aviation Institute (National Research University), Moscow, Russia

 
Contacts: Ivanov Ivan Ivanovich, i.ivan1993@yandex.ru
Article received by the editorial office on 28.03.2023

Full text (In Russ./In Eng.) >>

REFERENCES

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  13. Ivanov I.I., Baranov A.M., Lyamin A.N., Mironov S.M. [Investigation of the sensitivity and selectivity of a thermocatalytic sensor of hydrogen]. Nauchnoe Priborostroenie [Scientific Instrumentation], 2022, vol. 32, no. 2, pp. 42—54. DOI: 10.18358/np-32-2-i4254 (In Russ.).
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  16. Karpov-Sensor. Proizvodstvo termokataliticheskikh sensorov goryuchikh gazov [Production of thermocatalytic sensors of combustible gases]. [Electronic resource]. URL: http://karpov-sensor.com/ (accessed: 09.03.2023). (In Russ.).
  17. Ivanov I.I., Baranov A.M., Talipov V.A., Mironov S.M., Akbari S., Kolesnik I.V., Orlova E.D., Napolskii K.S. Investigation of catalytic hydrogen sensors with platinum group catalysts. Sensors and Actuators B. Chemical, 2021, vol. 346, id 130515. DOI: 10.1016/j.snb.2021.130515
  18. Ivanov I.I., Baranov A.M., Talipov V.A., Mironov S.M., Kolesnik I.V., Napolskii K.S. [development of effective sensors for detecting pre-explosive H2 concentrations]. Nauchnoe Priborostroenie [Scientific Instrumentation], 2021, vol. 31, no. 3, pp. 25—36. DOI: 10.18358/np-31-3-i2536 (In Russ.).
  19. Shebeko Yu.N., Trunev A.V., Shepelin V.A., Navtsenya V.Yu., Zaitsev A.A. [Investigation of flameless combustion of hydrogen on the surface of a hydrophobized catalyst]. Fizika goreniya i vzryva [Combustion and explosion physics], 1995, vol. 31, no. 5, pp. 37—38.
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T. V. Osipova, A. M. Baranov, I. I. Ivanov

THE PRINCIPAL COMPONENT ANALYSIS AS A METHOD FOR DETERMINING THE HYDROGEN CONCENTRATION IN MULTICOMPONENT MIXTURES

"Nauchnoe Priborostroenie", 2023, vol. 33, no. 2, pp. 24—34.
 

In this study, the possibility of determining the concentration of hydrogen in a multicomponent gas mixture using the principal component method is investigated. Based on the results obtained, it was found that, regardless of the number of sensors, the obtained values of the main components form linear dependences of concentration, that are proportional to each other. At the same time, a different concentration of hydrogen, pure or in
a multicomponent mixture, is uniquely determined. The research methodology is defined, and the results are presented, showing that the principal component method allows both to visually distinguish the responses of sensors at different concentrations, and to obtain the concentration value using additional mathematical operations.
 

Keywords: thermocatalytic sensor, principal component analysis, determining concentration, hydrogen, data processing

Author affiliations:

Moscow Aviation Institute (National Research University), Moscow, Russia

 
Contacts: Osipova Tat'yana Vladislavovna, t.osipova.95@mail.ru
Article received by the editorial office on 14.02.2023

Full text (In Russ./In Eng.) >>

REFERENCES

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  2. Ma Y., Kaczynski J., Ranacher C., Roshanghias A., Zauner M., Abasahl B. Nano-porous aluminum oxide membrane as filtration interface for optical gas sensor packaging. Microelectronic Engineering, 2018, vol. 198, pp. 29—34. DOI: 10.1016/j.mee.2018.06.013
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V. V. Manoilov, A. G. Borodinov, A. I. Petrov, I. V. Zarutsky, V. E. Kurochkin

MACHINE LEARNING ALGORITHM FOR THE CONSTRUCTION OF A NUCLEOTIDE SEQUENCE
IN THE NANOFOR SPS SEQUENCER USING THE PRINCIPAL COMPONENT ANALYSIS

"Nauchnoe Priborostroenie", 2023, vol. 33, no. 2, pp. 35—48.
 

The development of information technologies and mathematical methods for data processing plays an essential role in establishing various features in the analyzed nucleic acids and trends in their modifications. An important stage in the technology of massively parallel sequencing of nucleic acids is the process of constructing a nucleotide sequence based on the measured intensities of fluorescence signals. The paper considers an algorithm for generating a training sample, that is used to construct a sequence of letter codes of DNA nucleotides via the intensities of fluorescence signals obtained directly from the results of image processing. These signals were not corrected for the physical and chemical characteristics of the sequencing process. The algorithm uses principal component analysis and a k-means classifier. With the help of such a classifier, the data after transformation using the method of principal components is separated into four independent classes according to the number of letter codes of DNA nucleotides. With the help of the training sample, the class to which the vector containing the fluorescence signal data belongs, and hence its letter code, are determined. The algorithm's performance on a test sample revealed great outcome reliability.
 

Keywords: nucleic acid sequencing, mathematical processing and classification of multivariate data, principal component analysis, machine learning

Author affiliations:

Institute for Analytical Instrumentation of RAS, Saint Petersburg, Russia

 
Contacts: Manoilov Vladimir Vladimirovich, manoilov_vv@mail.ru
Article received by the editorial office on 16.03.2023

Full text (In Russ./In Eng.) >>

REFERENCES

  1. Manoilov V.V., Borodinov A.G., Zarutsky I.V., Petrov A.I., Kurochkin V.E. [Algorithms of Processing Fluorescence Signals for Mass Parallel Sequencing of Nucleic Acids]. Trudy SPIIRAN [Informatics and Automation (SPIIRAS Proceedings)], 2019, vol. 18, no. 4, pp. 1010—1036. DOI: 10.15622/sp.2019.18.4.1010-1036 (In Russ.).
  2. Manoilov V.V., Borodinov A.G., Saraev A.S., Petrov A.I., Zarutskii I.V., Kurochkin V.E. Algorithms for image processing in a Nanofor SPS DNA sequencer. Technical Physics, 2022, vol. 67, no. 4, pp. 304—311.
    DOI: 10.1134/S1063784222050061
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  6. Borodinov A., Manoilov V., Zarutsky I., Petrov A., Kurochkin V., Saraev A. Machine learning in base-calling for next-generation sequencing methods. Informatics and Automation  ('Trudy SPIIRAN'), 2022, vol. 21, no. 3, pp. 572—603. DOI: 10.15622/ia.21.3.5
  7. Pomerantsev A. Metod glavnykh komponent. (Setevoi resurs) Rossiiskoe khemometricheskoe obshchestvo. Uchebniki [Method of main components. (network resource) Russian Chemometric Society. Textbooks]. URL: https://rcs.chemometrics.ru/ru/books (In Russ.).
  8. Jolliffe I.T. Principal Component Analysis. 2nd edition. Springer, 2002. 518 p.
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A. L. Bulyanitsa

ESTIMATION OF THE PROBABILITY OF ERRONEOUS INTERPRETATION OF THE RESULTS OF PCR ANALYSIS.
PART 1. FAILURES OF TECHNICAL DEVICES

"Nauchnoe Priborostroenie", 2023, vol. 33, no. 2, pp. 49—61.
 

Based on recognized probabilistic models of the distribution of time periods to the first failure of technical devices, an estimate of the probability of obtaining an erroneous result of genetic analysis during real-time polymerase chain reaction is given. Models of the probability distribution density of the time periods to the first failure from a set of Weibull distributions with different parameters are used. Most of the time estimates are based on the Weibull distribution with parameter 1, which coincides with the most recognized exponential law of the distribution of time periods to failure.
Cases of short uptimes (from 100 to 1200 hrs) of the device are investigated. Using the concept of a "weak link" as the most likely failing unit, or an element in this unit, it is confirmed that in the conditions under consideration, in more than 65% of cases, the failure of the device is caused by the failure of this element. The often used hypothesis of failure of an only element, for example, for constructing a table of fault functions, is insufficiently justified even for short uptimes of the device. The estimates obtained can be a guideline for predicting uptime in conditions when replacing elements (unit) is practically impossible.
In the case of using a probabilistic model – the Weibull distribution with parameters 1.5 and 2, which implies an increase in the probability of failure over long periods, – the estimated values of the probability of failure for continuous operation time periods up to 700 hrs are reduced by about half compared to the exponential law.
 

Keywords: time to the first failure, Weibull distribution, exponential distribution, conditional probability, Bayes formula, "weak link"

Author affiliations:

Institute for Analytical Instrumentation of RAS, Saint Petersburg, Russia

 
Contacts: Bulyaniza Anton Leonidovich, antbulyan@yandex.ru
Article received by the editorial office on 05.04.2023

Full text (In Russ./In Eng.) >>

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A. A. Gavrishev

ON THE USE OF HYPERCHAOTIC SIGNALS FOR DATA
TRANSMISSION IN RADIO COMMUNICATION SYSTEMS

"Nauchnoe Priborostroenie", 2023, vol. 33, no. 2, pp. 62—74.
 

Studies have been conducted on the use of hyperchaotic signals generated using various hyperchaotic signal generators (the hyperchaotic Lorentz system, the hyperchaotic Liu system, the hyperchaotic complex system, and the hyperchaotic memristor system) in order to ensure the secrecy and reliability of data transmission operations in radio communication systems. Their properties were evaluated using BDS-statistics and peak factor indicators. As a result of the conducted studies, it was found that the studied hyperchaotic signals, with the exception of those formed on the basis of a hyperchaotic memristor system, generally have an acceptable value of BDS-statistics, characterized by significantly greater secrecy from an outside observer than classical chaotic signals, and the peak factor. The analysis shows that hyperchaotic signals formed on the basis of the Liu hyperchaotic system are the most suitable of those considered for the purposes of ensuring the secrecy and reliability of data transmission in radio communication systems, since their value of BDS-statistics is closest to white noise and the peak factor has an acceptable value. The conducted research makes it possible to supplement and expand knowledge about hyperchaotic signals for covert and reliable data transmission in radio communication systems. Based on these results and conclusions from well-known works [3—8], the authors consider it expedient to use them for the designated purposes, along with other widely used methods.
 

Keywords: generator, hyperchaotic signals, communication systems, stealth, reliability

Author affiliations:

Institute of cyber intelligence systems, NRNU MEPhI, Moscow, Russia

 
Contacts: Gavrishev Aleksej Andreevich, alexxx.2008@inbox.ru
Article received by the editorial office on 30.01.2023

Full text (In Russ./In Eng.) >>

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E. E. Maiorov1, G . A. Kostin2, T. A. Chernyak2

IMPLEMENTATION OF THE SPECKLE PHOTOGRAPHY METHOD FOR THE CONTROL OF
DIFFUSELY REFLECTING SURFACES OF OBJECTS

"Nauchnoe Priborostroenie", 2023, vol. 33, no. 2, pp. 75—83.
 

The paper considers the implementation of the speckle photography method for monitoring diffusely reflective surfaces of objects. Optical control methods make it possible to obtain highly accurate and reliable information about the objects under study, so the work is promising and relevant. The work sets the task and defines the method and objects of research. The appearance and schematic diagram of the experimental setup are given. Dependences of the projections dx and dó on the X coordinate in the specklogram plane are obtained. It was revealed that the deviation of the displacement from the mean value for d = 5 µm does not exceed 0.1 µm, and for d = 300 µm it is 1.5 µm. Photographs of speckle interference fields at a critical displacement are shown. As a result of the experiment, a comparative analysis of the data showed that when the specklograms are symmetrically illuminated by two light beams, the measurement accuracy increases many times over. A significant result has been obtained, which indicates the competitiveness of domestic holographic photographic materials based on silver halide compared to imported photographic materials.
 

Keywords: specklogram, phase measuring device, diffuser, photographic plate, light beam Fourier image, laser, raster

Author affiliations:

1Saint Petersburg State University of Aerospace Instrumentation (GUAP), Saint Petersburg, Russia
2Saint Petersburg State University of Civil Aviation named after Chief Marshal of Aviation A.A. Novikov,
Saint Petersburg, Russia

 
Contacts: Maiorov Evgeniy Evgen'evich, majorov_ee@mail.ru
Article received by the editorial office on 18.02.2023

Full text (In Russ./In Eng.) >>

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D. V. Lisin

CIRCUITRY OF MICROCONTROLLER PROGRAMMING
NODES FOR USE IN SPACE EXPERIMENTS

"Nauchnoe Priborostroenie", 2023, vol. 33, no. 2, pp. 84—91.
 

The article considers an original circuit design solution that allows implementing the programming mode of modern Russian-made microcontrollers used in space and special-purpose equipment as part of the assembled device. Due to the absence of mechanical switches in the power supply and microcontroller programming circuits and the ability to reprogram the system even as part of a finished standard product, this solution significantly increases the capabilities of the developer of scientific and special-purpose equipment, speeds up the development of new devices, and increases the reliability of systems being put into operation.
 

Keywords: reprogramming, microcontroller, space experiment

Author affiliations:

Pushkov Institute of terrestrial magnetism, ionosphere and radio wave propagation (IZMIRAN),
Troitsk, Moscow, Russia

 
Contacts: Lisin Dmitriy Valer'evich, lisindv@izmiran.ru
Article received by the editorial office on 25.01.2023

Full text (In Russ./In Eng.) >>

REFERENCES

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