This paper based on the analysis of the publications discusses the development of three-dimensional X-ray microanalysis (3D-micro-XRF). The progress of development for this trend during the last decade is considered. The variety of the confocal setups is shown. The realization of 3D-micro-XRF using knife-edge principle is noted. The foundation of quantification procedures in 3D-micro-XRF is mentioned. The capabilities for the application of the method are summarized. The possibility of a well-founded analytical method of principally new level is presented.

¹Joint-Stock Company "Scientific Instruments", Saint Petersburg
²Institute for Analytical Instrumentation of RAS, Saint Petersburg

A new ion optic solution, realized in the specialized mass spectrometer MTI 350 GS is presented. The instrument is developed for the technological control of the composition of refuse gases in sublimate production of uranium fluoride within nuclear fuel production cycle. A small-sized sector mass analyzer with permanent magnetic poles provides separation and simultaneous registration of both product and associated refused gases when ion masses differ by up to 15 times. The resolving power for low mass - not less 200 at the level of 10 % at the high absolute and isotopic sensitivity is ensured. In the ions source the standards assisting discrimination reduction on ion mass are realized. The ion source and ions receiver, brought into agreement with the mass analyzer, are providing the high sensitivity and resolving power of the mass spectrometer in whole.

¹Institute for Analytical Instrumentation RAS, Saint Petersburg
²OAO Industrial Electrochemical Complex, Novouralsk
³Experimental Factory of Scientific Engineering RAS, Chernogolovka, Moscow region

This work is devoted to monitoring chemical composition of liquid radioactive waste (LRW), resulting from the operation of nuclear power plants (NPP) for transport purposes. The results of LRW storages examination performed to assess the presence of chemical impurities in them are presented. The methodical solutions for the analysis automatization of aquatic environments on the principles of flow analysis methods are suggested. The paper presents the analytical possibilities of the photometric methods of flow-injection analysis, developed and used for carrying out of the chemical control of liquid radioactive waste.

¹Alexandrov Research Institute of Technology, Sosnovy Bor, Leningrad Region
² Saint-Petersburg State University

Comparative analysis of efficiency for filtering methods and approximation of real-time PCR signals in studying of quantitative analysis of nucleic acids are discussed. It’s shown that different approximation methods could be supplemented with preliminary PCR signals filtration. Recommendations for choice of threshold level and sections for signals normalization are given. Results received by us will be used for determination of volume of reagents for PCR quantitative analysis based on criteria of noise permissible level and permissible errors of measuring.

Institute for Analytical Instrumentation RAS, Saint-Petersburg

To increase the resolving power of ion mobility spectrometer the operational mode of Bradbury—Nielsen gate when potentials of the neighbor wires are exchanged instantly was considered. Though in that case the gate is considered formally closed, the transmission of ion current impulse takes place. By means of the simulation it is shown that with a fixed span between wires the ion pulse has a minimal duration, and its altitude is 0.3–0.5 of the level of ion current passing through the open gate. It is not necessary to have strictly cute in time potential exchange that makes it easier to realize. The influence of imperfectness, i.e. the temporary delay of the operation mode of the “instantaneous” switching is considered.

Institute for Analytical Instrumentation of RAS, Saint Petersburg

The dependence of magnetization colloid solution of paramagnetic particles J on time, when solution is placed in magnetic field, with induction B₀, was investigated. After quick increase of induction to B₀ magnetization increases, further if B₀ > B_гр magnetization decreases with T~10 min. The effect is explained by the formation of nanoparticles conglomerates with antiferromagnetic character of relative orientation of their magnetic moments. The value Bгр contents of the condition P₀B_гр≈kT, where P₀— magnetic moment of nanoparticles, T — temperature of sample. The reducing of magnetization is observed on the stipulation that the induction of the external magnetic field exceeds the boundary value, above which the energy of the magnetic moment of a nanoparticle in the magnetic field becomes more than the energy of its thermal movement.

The Saint-Petersburg State Institute of Technology (Technical University)

The work analyses the features of a return problem ellipsometry, evident at definition of a full set of parameters of reflecting system with a superthin superficial film. The way of the solution of a return problem was developed: the approach to the solution consisting of two consecutive stages is described. Criterion of an optimum values choice of corresponding parameters is formulated for each stage. Optimum values of parameters of a substrate are determined at the first stage, as well as value of parameters the films corresponding to a point of an absolute functional minimum of a return problem. For a case of midget thickness of a film these values are significantly differ from the true film parameters because of experimental errors and discrepancies in the model of the investigated object. The second stage is an obvious consequence of the first one and represents realization of the approach stated in the previous work. At this stage the solution of a return problem the optimum values of parameters of a substrate defined at the previous stage are set and by means of criteria of selection offered in work [1] optimum values of parameters of a film are determined. The stated approach to the solution of mathematically incorrect return problem is successfully tested in numerical experiment for different variants of experimental errors. Influence of the broken layer on substrate surfaces is also discussed in the work.

¹Institute for Applied Physics NAS, Sumy, Ukraine
²Institute for Analytical Instrumentation RAS, Saint-Petersburg

In this paper the characteristics peculiarities of semi-conducting resistive-strain sensors and baroresistors on the basis of samarium sulphide (SmS) baroresistors are described. These features should be taken into account when used during strength researches and constructing sensors of different mechanical values on its basis. The temperature dependences of resistance, the factors of the strain-sensitivity and baro-sensivity are given. The possibilities of adjusting of parameters for thin films resistive-strain sensors with using of semiconductor-metal phase transition are described.

¹Ioffe Physical Technical Institute of RAS, Saint-Petersburg
²SIC of S.A. Lavochkin, Moscow
³Institute of Physical-Technical Problems of the North Siberian Branch of RAS, Yakutsk

The optical analog subtracting device realizing the idea of using multiwalled carbon nanotubes as a sensitive element of multiwalled carbon nanotubes and their control by means of optical streams is discussed in this article. The device is intended for performance of operation of subtraction both coherent, and noncoherent, optical analog signals.

Rostov State Transport University, Rostov-on-Don

This paper considers an approach to operator functional profile creation. A technical solution is given as a device providing biometrical sensory data transmission and storage. The possible applications are considered.

Saint-Petersburg Institute for Informatics and Automation of RAS

The paper discusses the problem of designing interfaces to present data in biochemical mass spectrometry. The ways of overcoming it are represented. The examples of data interfaces that are implemented in software TOF Explorer for MX 5310/11 are shown

Institute for Analytical Instrumentation RAS, Saint-Petersburg

The series of publications describes a new method to control the movement of the charged particles by a high frequency electric fields. This new class of a high frequency electric fields is characterized by pseudopotentials slowly evolving in time. Using the developed general theory a new class of mass spectrometric devices is proposed — i. e., the ion guides which use the said high frequency electric fields with Archimedean properties for its pseudopotentials. It is demonstrated that the proposed ion guides really work using the numerical simulations of some test example.

Institute for Analytical Instrumentation of RAS, Saint Petersburg

The article presents results of numerical simulation of electrostatic fields of planar gridless ion mirrors in time-of-flight mass analyzers and of ion trajectories in these fields, which demonstrate a possibility to achieve high order focusing of the flight time in such mirrors both with respect to energy and to the spatial spread of ion packets.

Institute for Analytical Instrumentation of RAS, Saint Petersburg

Two methods of development in the cylindrical power analyzer are considered: the development by position of a target diaphragm and the development on potential of the upper electrode. It is shown that development according to the position of a target diaphragm bears weight of difficulties with interpretation of spectra, and development on potential of the upper electrode with End Diaphragm, located in a point of performance of focusing of the second order, is easy to perform and to interpret the spectra.

Institute for Analytical Instrumentation of RAS, Saint Petersburg

The performance of an inertial devise where the motion of inertial mass takes place in non-inertial system of readout is analyzed. The equations of the inertial mass relative rest and inertial mass motion at the progressive pick-and-go motion were developed. The influence of device parameters and assembly parameters of individual construction units, and setting for acceleration of the device action were established.

Federal State Unitary Enterprise Ural Electromechanical Plant, Ekaterinburg

The relevance of researching of the alternative (against to the traditional) methods of the stochastic estimation of parameters for the nonlinear discrete objects is shown. For the first time the algorithm for the optimal estimation of the parameters for the mathematical models of the discrete nonlinear stochastic objects on the ground of the minimum probability criterion of the estimation error for the proposed algorithm is suggested. The model example, illustrating the efficiency for realization of the suggested algorithm is considered.

Rostov State University of Transport Communication, Rostov-on-Don

The tasks solved by median filtering in measuring sizes of the local biological objects that are small comparing with the full images frame size are listed. The object image distortions caused by median filter are determined. A method for correcting the measured size of the object after median filtering of the image is proposed. An example of experimental determination of size of the granulocyte (blood cells) from its microscopic image is given, which shows that the median filtering is a convenient and reliable tool for digital image processing in the measurement of parameters of local objects.

Institute for Analytical Instrumentation of RAS, Saint Petersburg

Contents Vol. 21 N2 >>