The review includes a brief description of investigation of non steady-state phenomena in polarizationsensitive optical devices and radio frequency systems, which have recently been carried out at the Institute for Analytical Instrumentation RAS and A.F. Ioffe Physical Technical Institute RAS. Special attention was paid to precision and sensitivity of measurements in the optical range. Thus, peculiarities of the method of differential registration of polarization-modulated signals are discussed in details. The described techniques are suggested to be used in reflecting configurations. The dynamic properties of "dielectric— atomic gas" resonance boundary are studied. In the part of work, devoted to the radio frequency range, the results on the investigation of echo-signals in pulse information processors, and the data on the enhancement effect for parametric echo are presented. The analytic methods, based on the transparent and reflecting optical techniques, and on the radiofrequency pulse probing, giving the data from the total volume, are regarded as complimentary. Keywords: non steady-state phenomena, high sensitive optical measurements, polarization modulation, selective reflection, semiconductor lasers, parametric echo signals.

¹Institute for Analytical Instrumentation RAS, Saint-Petersburg. ²A.F. Ioffe Physical-Technical Institute RAS, Saint-Petersburg. ³Saint-Petersburg State Polytechnic University, Saint-Petersburg.

The work is devoted to the generalization of the combined approach to the definition of the compensator parameters. It includes generalization of Jones procedure for matrix construction of non-ideal compensator, the process of device measuring configuration setting, and also calibrator procedures intended for the determination of linear relations between ρ, ρ1 and ρ2 compensator parameters. It was shown that within the limits of the generalized combined approach not only heterogeneity but also errors of its limb have no principal significance. In this case it is also possible to secure normal work of the devices using proper procedures. Equivalence of all possible variants of compensator position at the given device configuration was proved. The experimental part of the work presents the method of practical use of the generalized combined approach. Keywords: ellipsometry, phase compensator, matrix Jones, calibration, ellipsometry invariants, interzone disorder, polarization angles.

¹Institute of Applied Physics NAS, Ukraine, Sumy. ²Institute for Analytical Instrumentation RAS, Saint-Petersbur.

The article is devoted to the theoretical justification and experimental investigation of the method for selective absorption measurement in atomic absorption spectrometry based on Zeeman effect. Experiments with Se, Sr, Cu and Mn solutions were carried out. Calibration curves and detection limits for these solutions are presented in the article. The data obtained indicate promising use of this method in analytical practice.

¹Atomics LLC, Saint-Petersburg. ²Institute for Analytical Instrumentation RAS, Saint-Petersburg.

The NMR method for time definition of spin-spin protons relaxation was offered, which allows to estimate duration of motor oil service and to control the degree of engine wear. Checking of method was carried out on mini NMR tomograph of the department of measurement technologies and computer tomography of the Saint- Petersburg State University ITMO. Keywords: time of spin-spin relaxation of protons, magnetic-resonant tomography, NMR signal.

Saint-Petersburg State University of Information Technologies, Mechanics and Optics.

The automated measuring setup of magnetoimpedance spectroscopy for researching external actions on impedance properties of soft magnetic materials is developed. The setup allows to investigate the combined influence of external magnetic field, temperature, elastic tensile stress and bias current on impedance of a samples and also its active and reactive components in a wide frequency range. Keywords: magnetoimpedance, magnetoimpedance spectroscopy, amorphous and nanocrystalline materials, soft magnetic materials.

East-Siberian state academy of education, Irkutsk.

To ensure optical researches of samples in the field of an external magnet at superposition on a sample of force squeezing (or tension) and electric current (or voltage) at temperatures of 77–350 K nitrogen temperaturecontrolled cryostat and device (as a manipulator of an insertion in a cryostat) for rendering to a sample of the padding factors of physical effect was developed. Keywords: optical nitrogen cryostat, control of temperature, magnet field, manipulator, effect of squeezing-tension electrical field.

Institute of Physics of NAS of Ukraine, Kiev.

The analog structures of time scale changing, the spheres of their applications and its major components are discussed. The version of the neutralization of the deviation of the threshold by expansion time interval by means of time-amplitude-time converting (t-A-T) are suggested. The schemes of compensation timing threshold and device for forming equivalent length of the threshold are presented. Keywords: measurement of the short intervals, time to amplitude to time converting (t-A-T), threshold fluctuation, compensation of the timing threshold, equivalent length, periodic correction.

¹State Institute of Nuclear Power Engineering of National Nuclear Scientific University "MIFI", Obninsk. ²State Scientific Center of Russian Federation "Institute for Physics and Power Engineering named after A.I. Leypunskiy", Obninsk.

The technique of testing of high pressure vessels with artificial defect (cut) by internal pressure was developed. Data were recorded in a mode of real time for research of a crack branching in cylindrical covers. Series of natural tests of high pressure vessels made of steel 55 have been performed. The vessels had a longitudinal cut on their middle part. The analysis of type of destruction depending on an initial cut has been made. Critical values of destroying pressure for crack branching were defined. Keywords: deformation, split branching, pressure sensor, samarium monosulfide, water freezing.

¹Institute of Physical and Technical Problems of the North SD RAS, Yakutsk. ²A.F. Ioffe Physical Technical Institute RAS, St.-Petersburg.

The problem of natural acoustic vibrations of a nonuniform fluid-filled glass cylinder is considered in this paper. Basing on certain cases this paper considers a problem of resonance conditions determination within a liquid layer and a problem of stability of natural frequencies of acoustic vibrations of the system in question when some of the parameters vary. Keywords: acoustic resonance, ultrasound capillary systems, eigenfrequencies, mathematical modelling.

Institute for Analytical Instrumentation RAS, Saint-Petersburg

Algorithm for the apparatus function calculation of axially energy analyzers is presented. This algorithm as based on numerical solution of motion equations and treatment of the results of this computation.

Institute for Analytical Instrumentation RAS, Saint-Petersburg

It is proposed to represent a continuous function of several variables as a weighted sum of univariate functions, defined on a generalized basis, formed as a linear superposition of arguments of the assumed function. The approach under consideration is adapted to an optimum detecting filter structure and is used as a basis for a spline-filtering theory, developed by the authors. It can be used to solve a problem of signals reception on the background of noises and clutters, described by nonlinear stochastic differential equations. This scope of the problems will be covered in details in the following papers. Keywords: approximation, multidimensional functions, extended basis, spline-filtering, neural network.

¹St. Petersburg Branch of Institute for Problems of Chemical Physics RAS. ²St. Petersburg State University for Service and Economics.

One of the basic concepts of signals processing theory, lying in the grounds of signals filtering and detection theory, is an uncertainty function. It is broadly used for signal classes selection in communications, radiolocation and underwater acoustics. In this article it is generalized to build a wideband signal uncertainty function, defined on a two-parametric group of transformations. Some properties and general conditions of its approximation by a narrowband uncertainty function are considered. Keywords: ambiguity function, two-parametric transformation group, signal resolution, uncertainty relation.

¹St. Petersburg Branch of Institute for Problems of Chemical Physics RAS. ²St. Petersburg State University for Service and Economics. ³St. Petersburg State Polytechnic University.