O. S. Antonova, N. A. Korneva, Yu. V. Belov, V. E. Kurochkin
|
METHODS OF NUCLEIC ACIDS PURIFICATION
AND SEPARATION IN MOLECULAR BIOLOGY
|
|
This review describes different methods for nucleic acid
purification. Recently specifically functionalized magnetic
particles were developed and they became an important tool for
nucleic acid separation. They are used for the quick and
efficient purification of nucleic acids from crude cell extracts
avoiding centrifugation steps. Magnetic separation is now used
for laboratory automation which is required for processing a
large number of samples. Various commercially available magnetic
particle-based kits for a variety of different sample materials
are listed.
Keywords: DNA/RNA extraction, magnetic particles, real-time PCR
|
Institute for Analytical Instrumentation RAS, Saint-Petersburg |
p. 3-9 |
| |
D. V. Navolozkii(1, 2), À. V. Krisko(1), V. À. Arnautov(1),
D. S. Geibo(1, 2), À. À. Ganeev(2), M. N. Slyadnev(1, 2)
|
Multiplex analytical system for DNA determination
by real-time PCR
|
|
A microchip analytical system has been developed to implement
real-time polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) with simultaneous
detection of two fluorescence dyes. This system allows performing
a multiplex PCR in one microreactor. The microchip is made of
heat-conducting plate covered with water-immiscible fluid and
contains 16 or 30 microreactors, so that samples of 1–2 µl volume
can be loaded manually. Surface modification procedure has been
developed for aluminum and silicon microchip to define
hydrophilic and hydrophobic areas in order to lock sample inside
the microreactor during thermocycling and to prevent PCR
inhibition and cross-contamination. Practical applications of
the developed analytical system using commercial multiplex PCR
reagent kits are demonstrated. Several advantages for genetically
modified organisms screening are achieved such as short analysis
time (20 min), low reagent consumption (1–2 µl per reaction), low
number of operations and high reliability of results obtained
with internal control reagents, all these advantages define a
wide practical applicability of the microchip RT-PCR system.
Keywords: microchip, real-time PCR, multiplex PCR, DNA
|
1- \"Lumex Ltd\", Saint-Petersburg
2- Saint-Petersburg State University, faculty of chemistry
|
p. 10-20 |
| |
A. Yu. Shmykov, S. V. Borisova, A. A. Evstrapov, V. E. Kurochkin
|
Synthesis of methacrylate sorbents
in fused-silica capillaries by photoinitiation
of polymerization mixture
|
| Methacrylate-based stationary phases were prepared in fused-
silica capillaries using UV photopolymerization. The percentage
of monomers in polymerization mixture has been studied in terms
of effect on properties of the final polymer monolith.
Compositions of polymerization mixtures and operation parameters
for synthesis of capillary porous open-tubular and monolithic
columns with required sorbent physical properties have been
determined. The features of photopolymerization process
conditions and monomer mixture influence on the physical
properties of methacrylate sorbents and its reproducibility in
synthesis of porous open-tubular and monolithic capillary columns
are discussed.
Keywords: sorbent, capillary columns, photopolymerization,
confocal laser scanning microscopy
|
Institute for Analytical Instrumentation RAS, Saint-Petersburg |
p. 21-28 |
| |
A. A. Evstrapov(1,2), T. A. Lukashenko(1), A. N. Tupik(1)
|
Analytical chip fabrication using
photo-polymerization optical adhesives
|
| The paper presents a brief analysis of materials applicable to
analytical microchip. Microchip fabrication methods are
discussed. Discussion includes the particular properties of
bounding by photo-polymerization optical adhesives and
physicochemical processes. The method for quality inspection of
glass chips bounding based on spectral analysis of polymeric
layer fluorescence is proposed.
Keywords: photo-polymerization adhesives, bounding of
microstructures, microfluidic chip, fluorescence spectroscopy,
hermetically sealed microstructure
|
1- Institute for Analytical Instrumentation RAS, Saint-Petersburg
2 - Saint-Petersburg State University of Information Technologies, Mechanics and Optics
|
p. 29-38 |
| |
A. Yu. Portnoy-1, G. V. Pavlinsky-2, M. S. Gorbunov-2
|
An estimation of properties of two layer
composite x-ray detector
|
|
A mathematical model of two (Si-Ge) layer energy dispersive x-ray
detector is proposed. This model is based on the analysis of
radiation and electron transport in the detector and allows
estimating detector response function parameters. Using Monthe-
Carlo method the probabilities of photon registration in
different parts of detector response function are calculated. The
detector with first Si layer and second Ge layer and using time
anti-coincidence circuit or time coincidence amplitude summing
circuit is considered. It is shown that such detector has
improved properties: reduction of Ge loss peak and the total
absorption peak registration at high energy photon approaching
that of Ge detector.
Keywords: x-ray detector, detector response function, signal to
background ratio, background reducing
|
1-Irkutsk State University of Transport
2-Applied Physics Institute at Irkutsk State University, Irkutsk
|
p. 39-45 |
| |
S. I. Maximov-1, E. P. Chizh-1, A. V. Kretinina-1, L. N. Gall-1, V. L. Sukhanov-2
|
SMALL-SIZE DOUBLEBEAM CONVERTERS
FOR SPECIALIZED SPECTROPHOTOMETERS
|
| The article describes several design schemes of doublebeam
converters with simplified design for a specialized
spectrophotometer, used in the factory petrochemicals,
environmental and other laboratories and also for analytical
spectrophotometers with stream purpose, used for technology flows
in the petrochemical and other industries.
Keywords: spectrophotometry, petrochemistry, doublebeam converter
|
1-Institute for Analytical Instrumentation RAS, Saint-Petersburg
2-Ioffe Physical Technical Institute RAS, Saint-Petersburg
|
p. 46-51 |
| |
A. A. Evstrapov-1, N. A. Esikova-1, G. E. Rudnitskaya-1,
T. V. Antropova-2, I. N. Anfimova-2
|
THE DESIGN OF OPTICAL SENSOR ELEMENT
FOR MICROFLUIDIC CHIPS BASED ON THE BOROSILICATE
POROUS GLASSES
|
| The work on chemical protein immobilization on the borosilicate
porous glass was presented. Transmittance and fluorescence
spectra of porous glasses at different stages of protein
immobilization and after immune reaction have been measured.
Images of porous glass surface were received by scanning near-
field optical microscopy. The influence of drying regime between
surface activation and silanization stages has been studied. The
influence of silanization on protein immobilization was compared
with the use of toluene and acetone. It was shown that the immune
reaction results in the change of glass optical characteristics.
The principal opportunity of the microsensor element production
on the base of borosilicate porous glass was presented.
Keywords: porous glass, sensor element, laser scanning confocal
microscopy, scanning near field optical microscopy,
optical spectrometry
|
1-Institute for Analytical Instrumentation RAS, Saint-Petersburg
2-Institute of Silicate Chemistry of RAS, Saint-Petersburg
|
p. 52-58 |
| |
E. N. Kotlikov-1, V. A. Ivanov-2, V. N. Prokashev-1, A. N. Tropin-2
|
OPTIMIZATION OF THE VACUUM CHAMBER MECHANISM
AT MANUFACTURING OPTICAL COATINGS
|
|
Uniformity of optical films thickness deposited on large details
or cartridges with a lot of substrates has vital importance at
industrial manufacturing of multilayered optical coatings. In
this paper the dependence of geometrical parameters of the vacuum
chamber mechanism providing the best uniformity on thickness of a
deposited layer is considered. Existence of an optimum set of
geometrical parameters of the vacuum chamber providing the best
uniformity of the layer is shown. Non-uniformity on thickness of
the film can not exceed 10–4–10–6 on all surface of a substrate
at some positional relationship of these geometrical parameters.
Keywords: coating, interference, vacuum deposition, rotation,
uniformity, evaporation
|
1-Saint-Petersburg State University of Aerospace Instrumentation
2-Scientific Research Institute \"Giricond\", Saint-Petersburg
|
p. 59-64 |
| |
A. I. Semenenko-1, I. A. Semenenko-2
|
On the New Potentials of Ellipsometry Arising
from the Null Optical Circuit.
Ellipsometry of Real Surface Structures.
17. METROLOGY OF THE NULL ELLIPSOMETRY.
ON THE FEATURES OF THE EXPERIMENT BY DEFINITION
OF PARAMETERS OF THE PHASE COMPENSATOR
|
|
Features of experiment by definition of parameters of a nonideal
phase compensator were studied. Character of the interzone
polarization angles spread caused by an inexact specification of
not only the basic phase parameter ρ, but also small parameters
ρ1 and ρ2, defining nondiagonal elements of Johns matrix of the
compensator, was studied. Procedure of averaging of polarization
angles on measuring bands considering nonideal compensator was
also studied. The expressions obtained with the use of invariants
of ellipsometry and specifying key parameters f and δ of the
nonideal compensator were analyzed. Parameters ρ1 and ρ2,
entering the invariants, are expressed through the key parameter
ρ by the linear relations obtained with the help of adjustment
procedures. The analysis of the experimental data obtained on
four silicon samples with the hyperfine films SiO2 on them was
carried out. The conclusion on significant heterogeneity of the
quartz compensator of ellipsometer \"LEF-3Ì-1\" working under the
zero scheme was made. The important conclusion on the possibility
of estimation of heterogeneity of the reflecting surface of
samples on the character of interzone spread of polarization
angles.
Keywords: ellipsometry, phase compensator, Jones matrix, optical
alignment, ellipsometry invariants, interzone disorder,
polarization angles
|
1-Institute of Applied Physics NAS, Ukraine, Sumy
2-Institute for Analytical Instrumentation RAS, Saint-Petersburg
|
p. 65-77 |
| |
B. P. Sharfarets
|
EigenFUNCTIONS of the Fluid charged
elastic cylindrical Capillary of FINAL length.
I. The theory
|
| The problem of natural elastic-ultrasonic oscillations of the
nonuniform cylinder consisting of an elastic tube of final length
filled in with fluid is theoretically discussed in the work. The
problem is set in the most general way. The solution is searched
in classical style by a method of separation of variables. It was
shown, that the satisfaction of boundary conditions at ends of a
tube is impossible within the frames of this method. The
algorithm for definition of natural frequencies of a vibrating
system is suggested. The results of the work can be used in cases
of ultrasound application for the problems of particle
coagulation.
Keywords: resonance, eigenfrequency of vibration, eigenfunctions,
eigenvalues
|
Institute for Analytical Instrumentation RAS, Saint-Petersburg
|
p. 78-86 |
| |
B. P. Sharfarets
|
EigenFUNCTIONS of the FLUID charged elastic
cylindrical Capillary of FINAL length.
II. Numerical experiment
|
| Numerical experiments intended for the check of the algorithm
made by the author for calculation of natural frequencies of an
elastic fluid filled cylindrical tube of final length were
performed. At the end faces of the tube and on its exterior
lateral surface Dirichlet uniform edge conditions were set.
Working capacity of the algorithm was checked, examples of
calculations are given. It is shown, that Lyav hypothesis on
neglect of stress at end faces of an elastic tube in the absence
of stress on a lateral surface of the tube, which length is much
more than its radius, is not always valid. The degree of
perturbation of natural frequencies at neglect of elastic
properties of a tube was obtained.
Keywords: resonance, eigenfrequency of vibration, eigenfunctions,
eigenvalues
|
Institute for Analytical Instrumentation RAS, Saint-Petersburg
|
p. 87-95 |
| |
A. V. Kartamyshev, V. M. Malykhin, G. F. Malykhina, A. V. Merkusheva
|
SIGNALS EXTRACTION FROM THEIR MIXTURE
(ELEMENTS OF ALGORITHMS AND NEURO NET STRUCTURES)
|
| Possible accesses and methods are given that enable to get the
form of separate signals on the base of measurement information
on their mixture. Algorithms and neural network structures
realizing this task are based on different concepts that
represent features of signal mixture formation, presence of noise
at signal registration and also the possibility of noise
cancellation for separated signals.
Keywords: source signals, signals reconstruction, independent
signals components, signals analysis, neural network,
adaptive filtration, structures, signal separation, noise
cancellation
|
SPbSTU, Saint-Petersburg
|
p. 96-112 |
| |
