The work introduces the construction of piezoceramic-scanner with optical linear encoders and the results of researches in the field of this scanner implementation for the scanning probe microscope with large scanning range. Algorithms are discussed and the results of piezoceramic-scanner calibration and linearization are given. Decrease of thermodrift influence on the SPM-image is demonstrated. Keywords: scanning probe microscopy, optical linear encoders, microscanner, piezoceramic element, linear displacement

¹Institute for Analytical Instrumentation RAS, Saint-Petersburg ²Saint-Petersburg State University of Information Technologies, Mechanics and Optics ³Joint-Stock Company “Nanotechnology-MDT”, Moscow

The article is devoted primarily to aspects of evolution of a new class of electrostatic energy analyzers for electron and ion beams investigations. The authors named these analyzers "quasi-conical". Genesis of basic physical and mathematical ideas is scrutinized, exact mathematical calculation theory of such systems is formu-lated, real constructions are described, experimental results are given and the development of perspective of this trend is discussed. Keywords: еlectrostatic energy analyzer of charged particles, quasi-conical energy analyzer, electronic field potential, dif-ference field, Laplace equation, second order focusing, energy dispersion

Institute for Analytical Instrumentation RAS, Saint-Petersburg

The article is devoted to further progress in the field of theoretical synthesis and practical embodiment of electrostatic energy analyzers with record entrance acceptance solid angles and energy resolution. The basis of these optimal solutions search is computer strategy using the most modern programs, in particular SIMION Version 8. In this case the question is of deep smooth deformation of quasi-conical systems with the purpose to increase energy analyzing properties and to improve technology of construction manufacture. Keywords: high acceptance electrostatic energy analyzer of charged particles, spheroid energy analyzer, computer modeling

¹Institute for Analytical Instrumentation RAS, Saint-Petersburg ²Shimadzu Research Laboratory, Manchester, UK

The questions concerning procedure of an optical alignment of a phase compensator of an ellipsometer are discussed. Features of such alignment are studied. The equations allowing essentially to simplify process of definition of all three complex parameters of the compensator are obtained. Procedure for optical calibration of the nonuniform compensator is suggested. Keywords: ellipsometry, interzone disorder, polarization angles, phase compensator, matrix Jones, optical calibration, opti-cal alignment

¹Institute of Applied Physics NAS, Ukraine, Sumy ²Institute for Analytical Instrumentation RAS, Saint-Petersburg

New technical solutions are discussed in creating the detector for devices of capillary electrophoresis. Proce-dures for measuring of contributions of the main noise sources are suggested, the concept of noise of photodetector noise coefficient is introduced and recommendations for detector optimization are made. Keywords: electrochromatograph, capillary elecrophoresis, spectrophotometric detector, noise sources

¹Institute for Analytical Instrumentation RAS, Saint-Petersburg ²Ioffe Physical-Technical Institute RAS, Saint-Petersburg

Images of porous glasses surfaces are obtained by laser scanning confocal and scanning near field optical microscopy. The images present the existence of structures with different optical properties on the porous glasses surface. The results of image processing by median filtration and Fourier transform are presented. As-sessment of porous glasses surface roughness are obtained. The questions of quality characteristics are dis-cussed. Keywords: porous glass, confocal laser scanning microscopy, scanning near field optical microscopy, surface structures, image processing

¹Institute for Analytical Instrumentation RAS, Saint-Petersburg ²I.V. Grebenschikov Silicate Chemistry Institute RAS, Saint-Petersburg ³Saint-Petersburg State University for Information Technologies, Mechanics and Optics

The alternated current version of stripping voltammetry determination of heavy metal ions in aqueous solu-tions, which does not require pre-calibration with standard solutions, was proposed. The detection limits of cad-mium (II) and mercury (II) ions in direct current and alternated current modes of measurement on mercury graphite (MGFE) and gold graphite (GGFE) film electrodes respectively were calculated. Keywords: calibrationless stripping voltammetry technique, deposition step, direct current (DC) voltammetry, alternated current (AC) voltammetry

Department of Analytical Chemistry, Saint-Petersburg State University

The new method of sensitive elements of gauges construction on surface acoustic waves on the basis of dis-persive delay lines is offered. Results of modeling concerning the membrane of the pressure gauge are resulted. The suboptimum kind of phase change control, providing high sensitivity to substrate deformation is defined. The offered approach provides high noise immunity and accuracy of contactless measurements. Keywords: sensors, surface acoustic waves

Public corporation SIE "Radar mms", Saint-Petersburg

The work proves the validity of the expression for a cross component of radiation pressure in case of flat pro-gressive or close to it wave in case of random closing. Exact expressions for radiation pressure on complex clos-ings in a flat progressive wave in an ideal fluid were obtained for the first time. Thus, it was proved, that the cross component of radiation pressure within a constant factor is equal to the total of imaginary component co-efficients at zonal harmonics in decomposition of a scattering amplitude of closing on spherical functions. Cal-culation for a classical particle of small wave sizes is presented. Keywords: radiation pressure, flat progressive wave, ideal fluid, scattering amplitude, scattering field

Institute for Analytical Instrumentation RAS, Saint-Petersburg

The works shows that the expression for the closing scattering amplitude in the field, consisting of a set of flat waves satisfies to homogeneous Helmholtz equation out of a source of these waves on variable co-ordinates of closing. It has allowed to receive simple asymptotic rows on return degrees of distance between a source of waves and closing for scattering amplitude calculation. Examples of these rows use are given. Keywords: Helmholtz equation, scattering amplitude, asymptotic method

Institute for Analytical Instrumentation RAS, Saint-Petersburg

The problem of signal mixture decomposition (with reconstruction of the form of its components) is ana-lyzed with no information concerning the proportions and type of mixing. The available measurement informa-tion enters the IMS from its sensors. Methods and algorithm structures (necessary for mixture decomposition) are studied. The algorithms are based on decorrelation of multi-dimension signal, covariation matrixes decom-position, and on using the neural network. Keywords: signals, mixture, separation, methods, algorithms, decorrelation, neural network

Saint-Petersburg