The third part of paper "Multi-purpose spectrometer for condensed media surface and bulk studies" (see "Nauchnoe Priborostroenie", v. 14, N 3 (2004) and v. 15, N 1 (2005)) describes functional capabilities of the spectrometer designed to study the surface and bulk of condensed media. Herein, the experimental procedure, software for jointly processing the data acquired by the X-ray reflectometry, X-ray fluorescence, and Mössbauer methods, and also results of studying the spin structure and metering the profile of elements and phase distribution in multi-layer synthetic structures Fe/V and Fe/Cr are described.

Institute for Analytical Instrumentation RAS, Saint-Petersburg *Saint-Petersburg State University **Closed Joint-Stock Company POLUPROVODNIKOVYE PRIBORY

The goal of this paper is to describe step by step the method of "zero" ellipsometry of anisotropic mediums. Peculiarities and methods for their elimination within the scope of the instrument generalized measurement zones technique are considered. The paper presents general provisions of the matrix method in the field of anisotropic lamellar medium optics; the case of a monoaxial crystal with an arbitrary orientation of the optical axis is considered in details; ultimate situations with different optical axis orientations are analyzed. Using the matrix method and a new, more natural, representation of the common field in the substrate, complex amplitude reflection factors were reconsidered; those factors are used to derive basic equations of anisotropic medium ellipsometry; the behavior of two plane waves in an anisotropic substrate in the process of turning to the "isotropic" case are analyzed. In addition, analysis of the inverse ellipsometry problem peculiar features for anisotropic mediums has been performed.

Institute of Applied Physics NAS, Ukraine, Sumy *Institute for Analytical Instrumentation RAS, Saint-Petersburg

The paper discusses generation of parametric echo signals in a physical system under the action of radio pulses with the resonance and double-resonance carrying frequencies. It is shown that, contrary to conventional echo signals, the parametric echo can be regarded as an enhanced response of the system. Using samples of ferrum borate, additional four-fold signal enhancement by the second parametric pulse was obtained experimentally in the pulse sequence of one resonance and two parametric pulses. This effect may be used to increase the sensitivity of pulsed methods in the analytic investigations of various physical systems and materials, and also to create data processors based on the echo effect.

A.F. Ioffe Physical-Technical Institute RAS, Saint-Petersburg *Institute for Analytical Instrumentation RAS, Saint-Petersburg

The goal of this paper is to analyze and generalize the philosophy of converting the fluid velocity to the frequency of NMR signal detected by sensors of various configurations. A general relation between the frequency shift, fluid velocity, and NMR sensor geometry is proposed. The main theoretical results are confirmed by experimental data.

V.A. Fock Institute of Physics of Saint-Petersburg State University

The paper considers the problems of the sensing element position and velocity feedbacks used in the micromechanical gyro control system. The analysis was carried out by the methods of theoretical and experimental simulation. It has been shown that the positional feedback extends the frequency band of the sensor. The veloci¬ty feedback reduces the effect of base vibrations on the output signal.

Federal State Unitary Company Central Research Institute “Elektropribor”, Saint-Petersburg

The temperature dependence of reaction rates of human erythrocyte acetylcholinesterase and human plasma cholinesterase was determined by using a special-purpose device model. Linear correlation of those rates with temperature was observed in the range from 15 to 30C. The results obtained can be used in designing portable devices operating without sample thermostabilization.

Institute of Evolutionary Physiology and Biochemistry of RAS, Saint-Petersburg *Institute for Analytical Instrumentation RAS, Saint-Petersburg

The paper presents the results of experimental investigation of quadrupole mass spectrometer output signals by using a computerized system comprising quadrupole mass spectrometer МХ-7306. A technique for estimating the efficiency of model signals and an optimum version of the correlation algorithm designed to smooth, detect and identify mass spectrum peaks have been developed. Analytical expressions for peak models efficiency for various approximations are represented. In each specific case, the technique considered allows one to choose the best mass-spectrum peak approximation (i. e., approximation ensuring high probability of correct detection).

Institute of Electronics, Belarus National Academy of Sciences, Minsk

Institute of Biological Instrumentation has developed an instrument for electrically stimulated cell fusion, which can be used in gene engineering and biology. The instrument comprises two units: a chamber and controller. The chamber has a plastic body with a system of electrodes whereto the controller is connected. A biological object will be put into the chamber. The controller generates signals of special shape that act upon the biological object at the preset time intervals. It emits a cell-aligning sinusoidal signal with frequency of 150 kHz to 2 МHz and amplitude of up to 25 V. The sinusoidal signal can be generated within a time interval of 1 to 999 seconds. The duration of cell membrane punching pulse is 1 to 999 μs, its repetition period is 0.1 to 9.9 seconds. The pulse amplitude amounts up to 300 V, the number of pulses is 1 to 9. After punching, a healing signal is fed to the chamber electrodes; parameters of this signal are the same as those of the aligning signal whose amplitude decreases with time from that of the aligning signal to zero. Several specimens of the instrument have been manufactured and tested under real experimental conditions.

Institute for Biological Instrumentation of the RAS, Pushchino, Moscow region

The paper considers the main specific features of exploiting measuring equipment in taking stock of nuclear materials, radioactive substances, and radioactive waste. It has been shown that it is necessary to improve the measuring tools so as to raise the levels of measurement automation, computerization of data processing, and measurement quality control.

Saint-Petersburg State Polytechnic University *FSUE CRIST, Saint-Petersburg **FSUE CRISM “Prometey”, Saint-Petersburg

The paper considers some elements of a simulation method designed for analyzing the dynamics of a non-linear multiparameter object (system) based on a network with a symmetric neuron-transformation function. The taught network can approximate the dynamics of the object and its control subsystem in the space of status variables.

Saint-Petersburg

The paper considers the method of operational adjustment based on using the dynamic reserve arising in the course of direct operation of one or another object; the dynamic reserve manifests itself in the fact that the violation of the object operation mode at a certain set of input data does not exclude correct operation at another data. The process of operational adjustment is the object refunctioning in case of its failure in order to obtain an adequate result by deliberate transformation of the input and, if necessary, output data. The formal description of the operational adjustment method is given for the case of electronic data processing systems.

M.I. Nedelin, chief marshal of Artillery Rostov Military Institute of Rocket Troops, Rostov-on-Don

Due to the development of computer engineering and data processing technology, it has become possible to create computerized training systems based on artificial intelligence. One of problems that can be solved in the computerized training systems by means of Petri networks is testing the knowledge base in case test tasks are of the open type and the form of the trainee answer is maximally free. The paper represents solutions of the problems of computerized natural language interpretation and assessment of the trainees' answers.

State University of Aerospace Instrumentation, Saint-Petersburg

The paper presents the solution of problem of the hygrometer automatic temperature correction by using a specific circuit for the measuring converter.

St. Petersburg State Institute of Technology (Technical University)